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ID PHARM 152 > Pharyngitis > Flashcards

Pharyngitis Flashcards

1
Q

Define Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation in the back of the throat

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2
Q

What are some causes of sore throat?

A

Allergies
Meds
Irritating substances
Trauma
Tumour
Infection

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3
Q

What biggest cause of pharyngitis?

A

A virus (rhinovirus)

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4
Q

What are the top three virus that causes pharyngitis?

A

Rhinovirus
Coronavirus
Influenza

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5
Q

Viral Causes of Acute Pharyngitis

A

Rhinovirus
Adenovirus
Herpes
Parainfluenza
Coxsackie
Epstein Barr
Influenza A and B
Cytomegalovirus
HIV

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6
Q

What percentage of pharyngitis caused by virus?
Adult and children

A

80-90 adults
70 children

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7
Q

What percentage of pharyngitis caused by bacteria?
Adult and children

A

5-15% adult
15-30% sore throats

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8
Q

What amount of adult pt with acute pharyngitis are prescribed?

A

75%

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9
Q

Why the overuse of antibiotics?

A

Pt expect them
Pt will see other MD
Pt will not be satisfied without prescription
Quicker to write than explain

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10
Q

Epidemiology of Pharyngitis

A

Most cases occur during the colder months
Viral usually peak in fall to spring
Strep throat also peaks
Spread within close contacts

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11
Q

What is group A strep?

A

The only commonly occurring cause of sore throat that antibiotics are indicated

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12
Q

What is the signs and symptoms of Group A?

A

All cause may have similar
Painful swallowing, exudates, enlarged anterior cervical lymph nodes, fever, increased WBCs, N & V and rash

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13
Q

What is scarlatiniform rash?

A

It feels like sand paper
Small red bumps

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14
Q

What is the scoring system?

A

Centro score

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15
Q

What is measured in Centro score?

A

Age
Exudate/swelling tonsils
Swollen cervical nodes
Temp > 38
No cough

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16
Q

Interpretation of Score

A

1,0, -1 symptomatic treatment
No RADT, culture
>2 RADT or throat swab for culture
If positive give antibiotics

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17
Q

Ways to diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis

A

Culture
RADT

18
Q

Explain details of culture test

A

Gold standard
>90% sensitivity
May take 1-2 days to get results

19
Q

Explain the RADT for diagnosis

A

Takes minutes
+ test = strep throat
Only 70-90% sensitivity

20
Q

Reasons to Treat

A

Decrease severity and duration of symptoms
Reduce risk of transmission to others
Reduce complications
Prevent rheumatic heart disease

21
Q

What is RHD?

A

Rheumatic heart disease
Heart valve damage (inflammatory response)

22
Q

What antibiotic can prevent RHD?

A

Penicillin treatment

23
Q

What the goal standard for GAP treatment?

A

Penicillin V

24
Q

What is the dose and duration for adults and children?

A

Adults 300 mg TID or 600 mg BID
Ped 40mg/kg/day BID or TID
Duration is 10 days
(Need to be all 10 day)

25
Q

Benefits of penicillin V

A

Narrow spectrum of activity
Effective, safe, and cheap

26
Q

GAS treatment for penicillin allergies

A

Erythromycin
Ethylksuccinate
Estolate
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin

27
Q

What is the dose for Eryc?

A

Dose of 250-500 mg BID to QID
10 days

28
Q

What is the dose for ethylsuccinate?

A

40 mg/kg/day given BID to QID
For 10 days

29
Q

What is the dose for Estolate

A

40 mg/kg/day given BID to QID
For 10 days

30
Q

Could you give less days and still have the same effectiveness?

A

No needs to be all 10 days

31
Q

What is the dose of clarithromycin?

A

15 mg/kg/day given BID for 5 days

32
Q

What dose of azithromycin?

A

12 mg/kg daily x 5 days

33
Q

What is the dose for amoxicillin? (adult and children)

A

Adult 500 mg BID
Peds 40-50 mg/kg/day given daily or BID
For 10 days

34
Q

Antibiotics used as second line or treatment failures

A

Cephalosporins (1st / 2nd gen)
Clindamycin
Intramuscular penicillin

35
Q

Do we treat non-symptomatic pt?

A

No
It does not need to be treated

36
Q

What is some examples of symptomatic treatment?

A

Oral analgesics
Topical analgesics
Lozenges
Gargling with salt water
Fluids
Rest

37
Q

How long will it take to be non contagious?

A

24 hours after taking antibiotics

38
Q

How long should kids stay at home?

A

24 hours after starting antibiotics and have no fever

39
Q

What is our Roles?

A

Make sure an antibiotic is warranted
If Rx for antibiotic is needed

40
Q

What to do to make sure an antibiotic is warranted?

A

Educate if not needed - refer if required
Symptomatic treatment

41
Q

What to do if Rx for antibiotic is needed?

A

Ensure proper drug, dose, and duration
Counsel pt on the benefits of the drugs
Make pt aware of meaningful side effects
Let pt. Know what to expect

42
Q

Take aways from pharyngitis

A

Most sore throats will never need antibiotics
If a pt does have strep throat
Antibiotics are warranted
Need to educated pt
Proper drug, dose, and duration need to be used

ID PHARM 152 (11 decks)

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