Pharyngeal Complex

Question 1

Other name of branchial arch

Answer 1

Pharyngeal arch

Question 2

Pharyngeal apparatus consists of:

Answer 2

Pharyngeal arches
Pharyngeal pouches
Pharyngeal grooves/clefts
Pharyngeal membrane

Question 3

Each arch has its own

Answer 3

Cartilage nerve muscle and artery

Question 4

Ectodermal cleft between adjacent arches

Answer 4

Branchial groove

Question 5

Endodermal outpocketing from rostral foregut between adjacent arches

Answer 5

Branchial pouch

Question 6

Site of contact of groove and pouch

Answer 6

Branchial membrane

Question 7

First arch forms

Answer 7

Face has maxillary and mandibular processes

Question 8

Stomedium formed by ectoderm forms

Answer 8

Oral cavity and nasal cavity
Contacts endoderm at orophryngeal membrane

Question 9

During the fifth week, the second pharyngeal arch enlarges and overgrows the third and fourth arches, forming the ectodermal depression
called

Answer 9

Cervical sinus

Question 10

A typical pharyngeal arch contains:

Answer 10

An aortic arch,
A cartilaginous rod
A muscular component
A nerve

Question 11

Only first pharyngeal membrane becomes the……

Answer 11

tympanic membrane, others obliterate

Question 12

6 arches, only 5 form structures in humans

Answer 12

1 2 3 4 6

Question 13

1st Arch “Mandibular Arch”

Answer 13

Skeletal components Meckel’s cartilage
Framework for mandible Malleus head and neck
Incus body and short process
Muscles
Muscles of mastication Anterior digastric Mylohyoid
Tensor tympani
Tensor veli palatini
Nerve
CN V (Trigeminal)
Artery
Maxillary; external carotid

Question 14

2nd Arch “Hyoid Arch”

Answer 14

Skeletal components
Reichert’s cartilage Stapes
Malleus manubrium
Incus long process
Styloid process
Hyoid bone (lesser horn and upper body)
Muscles
Facial expression, buccinator, platysma, stapedius,
Yükleniyor…
stylohyoid, posterior digastric
➢
●
➢
●
Nerve
CN VII (Facial)
Artery Stapedial

Question 15

3rd Arch

Answer 15

Skeletal components
Hyoid (greater horn and lower body)
Muscles Stylopharyngeus
Nerve
CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
Artery
Common/Internal carotid

Question 16

4th Arch

Answer 16

Skeletal components
Thyroid, epiglottic, cuneiform cartilages
Muscles
Cricothyroid, inferior constrictors
Nerve
Superior laryngeal
Artery
Subclavian, aortic arch

Question 17

6th Arch

Answer 17

Skeletal components
Cricoid, arytenoids, corniculate
Muscles
All intrinsic muscles of larynx (except
cricothyroid)
Nerve
Recurrent laryngeal
Artery
Pulmonary artery

Question 18

1st Pouch

Answer 18

Eustachian tube, middle ear, mastoid, inner layer
of tympanic membrane

Question 19

2nd Pouch

Answer 19

Tonsils, root of tongue, foramen cecum,
pharynx(part)

Question 20

3rd Pouch –

Answer 20

Ventral wing – Thymus
Dorsal wing – inferior parathyroid glands

Question 21

1st Arch Anomalies

Answer 21

➢ Involves malformations of eyes, ears, palate, and mandible
➢ 2 main manifestations of “First Arch Syndrome”
● Treacher Collins Syndrome
● Pierre Robin Syndrome

Question 22

Treacher Collins Syndrome

Answer 22

➢
➢
➢
● ● ●
Treacher Collins Syndrome
Mandibulofacial dysostosis
Inherited
Features
Midface and mandibular hypoplasia
Ear anomalies:
Eye anomalies: coloboma of lower lids, down-
slopping palpebral fissures ● Cleft palate

Question 23

Pierre Robin Syndrome

Answer 23

3 Main features
Micrognathia (small mandible)
Glossoptosis (posterior displacement/retraction of tongue)
● Cleft palate (U-shaped)

Question 24

3rd and 4
th Pouch Anomalies
DiGeorge Syndrome

Answer 24

Congenital absence of thymus and
parathyroids