Cardiovascular Sytsem Histoloogy

Question 1

The heart has a coronary vasculature that consists of

Answer 1

2 coronary arteries and cardiac veins

Question 2

The wall of the heart is composed of three
layers,
the outside to the inside

Answer 2

I. Epicardium
II.Myocardium Loading…
III.Endocardium

Question 3

Epicardium other name

Answer 3

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

Question 4

Epicardium consists of

Answer 4

a single layer of mesothelial cells and underlying connective and adipose tissue.
●The blood vesse

Question 5

Myocardium consists of

Answer 5

Cardiac muscle

Question 6

Intercalated discs contain

Answer 6

Fascia adherens. ( stain he)
Macula adherens
Gap junctions

Question 7

Endocardium consists of

Answer 7

1.Endothelium 2.Subendothelial : dense
connective tissue
3. Subendocardial layer

Question 8

Each heart valve is composed of 3 layers

Answer 8

1. The spongiosa is loose connective tissue located on the atrial or blood vessel side of each valve.
   2.The fibrosa forms the core of the valve and contains fibrous extensions from the dense irregular connective tissue of the skeletal rings of the heart.
   3.The ventricularis is immediately adjacent to the ventricular or atrial surface of
   each valve and is covered with

Question 9

Purkinje fibers’ myofibrils are located in

Answer 9

The periphery of the cell

Question 10

The walls of arteries and veins are composed of three layers of the vascular wall, from the lumen outward are the following.

Answer 10

● tunica intima
● tunica media
● tunica adventitia

Question 11

Tunica intima consists of

Answer 11

Endothelium a single layer of
squamous epithelial cells
2. Basal lamina of the endothelial cells (a thin extracellular layer composed of collagen, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins)
3. Subendothelial layer consisting of loose connective tissue.
➢The subendothelial layer of the intima contains a sheetlike layer or lamella of
fenestrated elastic material called the

Question 12

The tunica media
➢consists primarily of

Answer 12

smooth muscle cells layer

Question 13

The tunica adventitia is composed of longitudinally arranged collagenous tissue and a few elastic fibers

Question 14

the tunica adventitia of large arteries and veins contains vessels called the

Answer 14

vasa vasorum

Question 15

arteries are classified into three types on the basis of size and the characteristics of the tunica media.

Answer 15

1.Large arteries or elastic arteries 2.Medium arteries or muscular arteries 3.Small arteries
4. Arterioles

Question 16

from the lumen outward are the following.

Answer 16

1.Tunica intima:of the elastic artery consists of
-endothelium, -subendothelial connective
tissue,
- internal elastic membrane 2.Tunica media
3.Tunica adventitia

Question 17

In tunica intima cells are joined by

Answer 17

Zonkla occludens and gap junctions

Question 18

The internal elastic membrane in elastic arteries is not apparent because it is one of many elastic layers in the wall of the vessel.

Question 19

…. are the principal cells of the tunica adventitia

Answer 19

Fibroblasts and macrophages

Question 20

The tunica adventitia of muscular arteries is relatively thick and is often separated from the tunica media by a recognizable

Answer 20

external elastic membrane

Question 21

1.Muscular arteries

Answer 21

have more smooth muscle and less elastin in the tunica media than do elastic arteries.
2. Also, a prominent internal elastic membrane becomes apparent, helping to distinguish muscular arteries from elastic arteries.
3. The tunica adventitia of muscular arteries is relatively thick and is often separated from the tunica media by a recognizable external elastic membrane.

Question 22

…may or may not be present in the arteriole.

Answer 22

Internal elastic membrane

Question 23

Exam***
The capillaries don’t have the …

Answer 23

Tunica intima and tunica adventitia. Just simple squamous epithelium and basal membrane

Question 24

three types of capillaries are described:*****

Answer 24

continuous capillaries,
fenestrated capillaries,
discontinuous capillaries.

Question 25

Continuous capillaries are typically found in

Answer 25

muscle, lung, and the CNS

Question 26

Fenestrated capillaries are typically found in

Answer 26

endocrine glands and sites of fluid and metabolite absorption such as the gallbladder, kidney, and intestinal tract.

Question 27

Discontinuous capillaries (also called sinusoidal capillaries or sinusoids) are typically found in the

Answer 27

liver, spleen, and bone marrow.

Question 28

● veins are divided into four types on the basis of size.

Answer 28

Venules Small veins
Medium veins Large veins

Question 29

2 types of venues

Answer 29

1.Postcapillary venules

2.Muscular venules

Question 30

postcapillary venules have no

Answer 30

Tunica media

Question 31

The postcapillary venues in the lymph node

Answer 31

High endothelial venules

Question 32

…. are not found in muscular venules.

Answer 32

Pericytes

Question 33

Valves are characteristic feature of …. Veins

Answer 33

Medium