Pharyngeal Arches Flashcards

1
Q

What is meckels cartilage also known as?

A

Cartilage of PA 1

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2
Q

What 3 things does meckels cartilage form?

A
  1. ) Malleus & incus
  2. ) Anterior ligament of malleus
  3. ) Sphenomandibular ligament
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3
Q

The cartilage of PA 2 is also known as?

A

Reichert Cartilage

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4
Q

What is formed from Reichert cartilage?

A
  1. ) Stapes
  2. ) Styloid process of the temporal bone
  3. ) Lesser horn of the hyoid bone
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5
Q

The cartilage of PA 3 forms what?

A
  1. ) Body of the hyoid bone
  2. ) Greater horn of the hyoid bone
  3. ) Thyroid cartilage
  4. ) Cricoid cartilage
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6
Q

The body of the hyoid bone is formed from?

A

The hypo pharyngeal eminence

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7
Q

The 4th and 6th cartilages form what?

A

The laryngeal cartilage

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8
Q

The first arch forms what muscles? What nerve?

A

The muscles of mastication. CN V

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9
Q

The second arch forms what muscles? What nerve?

A

The facial muscles. CN VII

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10
Q

The third arch forms what muscles? What nerve?

A

Stylopharyngeus m. CN IX

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11
Q

The fourth arch forms what muscles? What nerve?

A

Cricothyroid, levator veli palatini, and constrictors of the pharynx. CN X

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12
Q

The sixth arch forms what muscles? What nerve?

A

Intrinsic muscles of the larynx. CN X

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13
Q

Each pharyngeal arch is supplied by what nervous structure?

A

Its own CN

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14
Q

What are special visceral efferents?

A

Supply muscles derived from the arches

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15
Q

What are special visceral afferents?

A

Supply dermis and mucous membranes of the head and neck

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16
Q

The trigeminal nerve supplies which arch?

A

The first arch

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17
Q

The facial nerve supplies which arch?

A

The second arch

18
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve supplies which arch?

A

The third arch. Stylopharyngeus m.

19
Q

The vagus nerve supplies which arches?

A

Arches 4-6.

20
Q

Aortic arch system initially consists of?

A

5 pairs of arteries that arise from the aortic sac

21
Q

The primordial pharynx is derived from what?

22
Q

What are the pharyngeal pouches?

A

5 pairs of pouches

23
Q

What do pharyngeal membranes do?

A

Separate pharyngeal pouches from pharyngeal grooves

24
Q

What does the first pharyngeal membrane become?

A

The tympanic membrane

25
In general, what does the first pharyngeal pouch become?
Auditory structures
26
Specifically, what does the first pharyngeal pouch become?
1. ) Part of the TM 2. ) The pharyngotympanic tube 3. ) Tubotympanic recess -> tympanic cavity and mastoid antrum
27
In general, what does pharyngeal pouch 2 form?
Tonsils, tonsil crypts, lymphatic tissue
28
What does the 3rd pharyngeal pouch form?
The inferior parathyroid gland and thymus
29
What does the 4th pharyngeal pouch form?
The superior parathyroid gland
30
The first pair of pharyngeal grooves becomes what?
The external auditory meatus
31
What do pharyngeal grooves 2-4 lie in?
The cervical sinus
32
What are cervical (branchial) cysts?
Remnants of the cervical sinus
33
The thyroid gland forms from what?
The thyroid primordium
34
The thyroid gland is connected to the tongue via what structure?
The thyroglossal duct
35
The ultimo pharyngeal body forms what?
Parafollicular cells
36
First arch syndrome is characterized by what phenotypically?
Malformation of eyes, ears, mandible, and palate
37
Treacher-Collins syndrome is characterized as what?
deformed external ears, lower eyelids, and sometimes inner ears
38
Pierre robin sequence is associated with what?
hypoplasia of the mandible, cleft palate, and eyes/ears
39
What is thyroid hemiagenesis?
unilateral failure of thyroid formation
40
What is DiGeorge syndrome?
Agenesis of thymus and parathyroid glands