Pharmodynamics- drug targets Flashcards
All drugs must have a ______
target
drug targets can be either ______ or ______
specific or non-specific
what are non-specific drugs?
agents that work by general chemical effects
e.g.- antacids CaCO3
Osmotic drugs- laxatives and diuretics
what were the 2 types of agents that act by binding non-specifically to large molecules:
1) Protein denaturants: ethanol
2) anti-cancer drugs: get into DNA and destroy
monoclonal antibodies act on what?
act on very specific molecules
example of a monoclonal antibody
infliximab
- binds to TNF-alpha
- acts on arthritis
(mab- suffix for monoclonal drugs)
aspirin acts by what mechanism? (enzyme specific)
inhibits cyclooxygenase
methotrexate inhibits what? what is it used to treat?
enzyme specific drug
- inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
- anti neoplastic drug…. treats cancer
how does tranylcypromine function? what does it treat?
enzyme specific drug
- inhibits monoamine oxidase (aka a “MAOI”)
- antidepressant
________ activates guanylate cyclase. what is this drug used to treat?
(enzyme specific drug)
nitroglycerin
used to treat angina
- functions as a vasodilator
Heparin activates what specific enzyme? what is the effect?
- activates antithrombin 3
- anticoagulant
what enzyme does imitinib act on? what is it used to treat?
- binds and inactivates protein kinase
- treatment for leukemia
infliximab acts on what specific enzyme? what is it used to treat?
- binds to TNF alpha
- treatment for arthritis
give 4 examples of drugs that act on transport systems:
1) cocaine
2) chlorothiazide
3) flouxetine (prozac)
4) omeprazole (prilosec)
what does cocaine act on? what effect does it cause?
- acts on transport systems
- inhibits norepinephrin re-uptake
- acts as local anesthetic
chlorothiazide: what does it act on? what is it used to treat?
- acts on transport system
- inhibits transport of Na+ and Cl- by the kidney tubule
- diuretic
Flouxetine (prozac) acts by what mechanism?
- acts on transport system
- inhibits seratonin re-uptake
- used to treat depression
omeprazole (Prilosec) decreases stomach acid by what mechanism?
- acts on transport system
- inhibits H+ transport by parietal cells of the stomach
name 3 drugs that act on ion channels
1) nifedipine
2) minoxidil
3) procaine (novocaine)
how does nifedipine effect ion channels? what does it treat?
- calcium channel blocker
- anti-hypertensive drug
minoxidil will cause what effect on a cell’s ion channels? what does it treat?
- increases K+ (potassium) UPTAKE
- anti-hypertensive drug
both nifedipine and minoxidil will treat hypertension, but how do they differ?
nifedipine- blocks Calcium channels
minoxidil- increases Potassium uptake
procaine (Novocaine) acts by what mechanism? what effect does it have?
- acts on ion channels
- inhibits Na+ channels
- local anesthetic
the most commonly used drug class acts on what aspect of a cell?
cell membrane receptors
