Pharmodynamics- drug targets

Question 1

All drugs must have a ______

Answer 1

target

Question 2

drug targets can be either ______ or ______

Answer 2

specific or non-specific

Question 3

what are non-specific drugs?

Answer 3

agents that work by general chemical effects

e.g.- antacids CaCO3
Osmotic drugs- laxatives and diuretics

Question 4

what were the 2 types of agents that act by binding non-specifically to large molecules:

Answer 4

1) Protein denaturants: ethanol

2) anti-cancer drugs: get into DNA and destroy

Question 5

monoclonal antibodies act on what?

Answer 5

act on very specific molecules

Question 6

example of a monoclonal antibody

Answer 6

infliximab

• binds to TNF-alpha
• acts on arthritis

(mab- suffix for monoclonal drugs)

Question 7

aspirin acts by what mechanism? (enzyme specific)

Answer 7

inhibits cyclooxygenase

Question 8

methotrexate inhibits what? what is it used to treat?

enzyme specific drug

Answer 8

• inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

- anti neoplastic drug…. treats cancer

Question 9

how does tranylcypromine function? what does it treat?

enzyme specific drug

Answer 9

• inhibits monoamine oxidase (aka a “MAOI”)

- antidepressant

Question 10

________ activates guanylate cyclase. what is this drug used to treat?

(enzyme specific drug)

Answer 10

nitroglycerin

used to treat angina
- functions as a vasodilator

Question 11

Heparin activates what specific enzyme? what is the effect?

Answer 11

• activates antithrombin 3

- anticoagulant

Question 12

what enzyme does imitinib act on? what is it used to treat?

Answer 12

• binds and inactivates protein kinase

- treatment for leukemia

Question 13

infliximab acts on what specific enzyme? what is it used to treat?

Answer 13

• binds to TNF alpha

- treatment for arthritis

Question 14

give 4 examples of drugs that act on transport systems:

Answer 14

1) cocaine
2) chlorothiazide
3) flouxetine (prozac)
4) omeprazole (prilosec)

Question 15

what does cocaine act on? what effect does it cause?

Answer 15

• acts on transport systems
• inhibits norepinephrin re-uptake
• acts as local anesthetic

Question 16

chlorothiazide: what does it act on? what is it used to treat?

Answer 16

• acts on transport system
• inhibits transport of Na+ and Cl- by the kidney tubule
• diuretic

Question 17

Flouxetine (prozac) acts by what mechanism?

Answer 17

• acts on transport system
• inhibits seratonin re-uptake
• used to treat depression

Question 18

omeprazole (Prilosec) decreases stomach acid by what mechanism?

Answer 18

• acts on transport system

- inhibits H+ transport by parietal cells of the stomach

Question 19

name 3 drugs that act on ion channels

Answer 19

1) nifedipine
2) minoxidil
3) procaine (novocaine)

Question 20

how does nifedipine effect ion channels? what does it treat?

Answer 20

• calcium channel blocker

- anti-hypertensive drug

Question 21

minoxidil will cause what effect on a cell’s ion channels? what does it treat?

Answer 21

• increases K+ (potassium) UPTAKE

- anti-hypertensive drug

Question 22

both nifedipine and minoxidil will treat hypertension, but how do they differ?

Answer 22

nifedipine- blocks Calcium channels

minoxidil- increases Potassium uptake

Question 23

procaine (Novocaine) acts by what mechanism? what effect does it have?

Answer 23

• acts on ion channels
• inhibits Na+ channels
• local anesthetic

Question 24

the most commonly used drug class acts on what aspect of a cell?

Answer 24

cell membrane receptors

Question 25

propranolol acts by what mechanism? what does it treat?

Answer 25

• acts on cell membrane receptors
• blocks beta-andrenergic receptors
• anti-hypertensive medication

Question 26

how does cimetidine function?

Answer 26

• act on cell membrane receptor
• blocks histamine receptors
• lowers stomach acid

Question 27

________ will block alpha-1 receptors in blood vessels. what does this drug treat?

Answer 27

prazosin

• acts on cell membrane receptors
• anti-hypertension med

Question 28

morphine activates what cell membrane receptors?

Answer 28

activates opoid receptors

Question 29

what types of drugs act on intracellular receptors?

Answer 29

Steriods

• glucocorticoids
• cortisol

Question 30

________ is a drug that acts on intracellular receptors, and functions as an anti-inflammatory

Answer 30

cortisol