Pharmo Summary Flashcards

1
Q

indications for carbamazepine?

A

epilepsy: generalised toni-clonic seizures, and partial/focal seizures
neuropathic pain e.g. trigeminal neuralgia
mood stabiliser in bipolar, prophylaxis if unresponsive to lithium

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2
Q

why is monitoring required with clozapine?

A

risk of agranulocytosis

need FBC

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3
Q

how is levonorgestrel thought to work as an emergency contraceptive?

A

prevent ovulation and fertilisation if intercourse has taken place in the preovulatory phase

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4
Q

examples of trials highlighting mortality reduction with statins?

A

4S total mortality
WOSCOPS
CARE

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5
Q

trial highlighting reduction in mortality with use of oseltamivir in influenza?

A

canadian study

reduction in mortality by 70%, when given up to 64 hrs post 1st presentation of symptoms

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6
Q

2 classes of drugs used to treat influenza?

A

M2 ion channel inhibitors e.g. amantadine, rimantadine

neuraminidase inhibitors e.g. oseltamivir and zanamivir

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7
Q

function of phase 1 drug metabolism using CYP450 enzymes?

A

increase residual charge to increase rate of excretion

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8
Q

list 4 clinical outcomes, as identified in clinical trials, influenced by inhaled corticosteroids?

A

reduction in exacerbations
symptom improvement
improvement in lung function
death prevention

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9
Q

what did ACR responses for etanercept indicate? **

A

combining the disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug methotrexate with etanercept provided a better clinical outcome for ptnts then either methotrexate or etanercept being used alone

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10
Q

what 3 reasons are there as to why NSAIDs increase risk of MTX toxicity?

A

alter plasma protein binding
reduce renal blood flow
reduce renal elimination

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11
Q

what did the RALES study show?

A

spironolactone reduced mortality in heart failure by 30% compared with placebo

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12
Q

what is the AIRE study?

A

acute infarction ramipril efficacy study- the ACEI ramipril reduced all cause mortality compared with placebo

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13
Q

what have studies shown looking at beta blockers in heart failure?

A

reduce all cause mortality compared with placebo

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14
Q

what did the SMILE study for symbicort (formoterol and budesonide) show?

A

fewer ptnts with severe acute exacerbations compared with SABA and LABA
sustained improvement in morning PEFR
less reliever use

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15
Q

ultimate measure in trials on cancer chemotherapy?

A

overall survival

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16
Q

what did the ALLHAT study show?

A

chlorthalidone (a thiazide-related diuretic) is superior at preventing CVD events= fatal CHD and non-fatal MI, compared to each of the treatment drugs studied: calcium channel blocker (amlodipine), ACE inhibitor (lisinopril).