Pharmo Summary Flashcards
indications for carbamazepine?
epilepsy: generalised toni-clonic seizures, and partial/focal seizures
neuropathic pain e.g. trigeminal neuralgia
mood stabiliser in bipolar, prophylaxis if unresponsive to lithium
why is monitoring required with clozapine?
risk of agranulocytosis
need FBC
how is levonorgestrel thought to work as an emergency contraceptive?
prevent ovulation and fertilisation if intercourse has taken place in the preovulatory phase
examples of trials highlighting mortality reduction with statins?
4S total mortality
WOSCOPS
CARE
trial highlighting reduction in mortality with use of oseltamivir in influenza?
canadian study
reduction in mortality by 70%, when given up to 64 hrs post 1st presentation of symptoms
2 classes of drugs used to treat influenza?
M2 ion channel inhibitors e.g. amantadine, rimantadine
neuraminidase inhibitors e.g. oseltamivir and zanamivir
function of phase 1 drug metabolism using CYP450 enzymes?
increase residual charge to increase rate of excretion
list 4 clinical outcomes, as identified in clinical trials, influenced by inhaled corticosteroids?
reduction in exacerbations
symptom improvement
improvement in lung function
death prevention
what did ACR responses for etanercept indicate? **
combining the disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug methotrexate with etanercept provided a better clinical outcome for ptnts then either methotrexate or etanercept being used alone
what 3 reasons are there as to why NSAIDs increase risk of MTX toxicity?
alter plasma protein binding
reduce renal blood flow
reduce renal elimination
what did the RALES study show?
spironolactone reduced mortality in heart failure by 30% compared with placebo
what is the AIRE study?
acute infarction ramipril efficacy study- the ACEI ramipril reduced all cause mortality compared with placebo
what have studies shown looking at beta blockers in heart failure?
reduce all cause mortality compared with placebo
what did the SMILE study for symbicort (formoterol and budesonide) show?
fewer ptnts with severe acute exacerbations compared with SABA and LABA
sustained improvement in morning PEFR
less reliever use
ultimate measure in trials on cancer chemotherapy?
overall survival