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Pharmacology 1 > Pharmacotherapy of parasitoses > Flashcards

Pharmacotherapy of parasitoses Flashcards

1
Q

Give example of intestinal tract protozoa?

A

Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum

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2
Q

Urogenital tract protozoa?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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3
Q

Blood and tissue protozoa?

A

Plasmodium spp, toxoplasma gondii, trypanosoma spp

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4
Q

Asexual life cycle of plasmodium consist of?

A

schizogony nd gametogony

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5
Q

What is involve in sexual life cycle of plasmodium

A

sporogony

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6
Q

Example of tissue schizonticides?

A

primaquine

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7
Q

ex of blood schizonticides

A

choroquine and quinine

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8
Q

ex of gametocides

A

primaquine

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9
Q

example of sporonticides

A

proguanil and pyrimethamine

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10
Q

Acts by preventing polymerization of heme into hemozoin?

A

chloroquine

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11
Q

Clinical use of chloroquine

A

malaria ( non falciparum, chloroquine sensitive), chemoprophylaxis ( chloroquine sensitive areas)

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12
Q

toxicities caused by chloroquine

A

retinl damage And auditory impairment; may precipitate porphyria

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13
Q

blocks DNA replication and transcription

A

Quinine

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14
Q

Clinical use of Quinine

A

malaria (chloroquine resistance), severe falciparum malaria

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15
Q

Toxicities caused by Quinine

A

Cinchonism, blackwater fever

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16
Q

Quinine is used with what drugs to limit toxicities?

A

doxycycline and clindamycin

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17
Q

Drug of choice for malaria in pregnant patients

A

quinine

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18
Q

Cinchonism is composed of what symptoms

A

headache, tinnitus, vertigo

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19
Q

Severe complication of P. falciparum malaria that is characterized by massive hemoglobinuria, acute renal failure and intravascular hemolysis

A

blackwater fever

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20
Q

derivative and alternative of quinine that is used in chemoprophylaxis (chloroquine resistant areas)

A

Mefloquine

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21
Q

Toxicities caused by Mefloquine

A

Cardiac conduction defects and psychiatric disorders

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22
Q

Forms electron- transferring redox compounds that act as cellukar oxidants (tissue schizonticide and gametocide)

A

Primaquine

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23
Q

Radical cure of P. vivax and P. ovale

A

Primaquine

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24
Q

Methemoglobinemia is caused by what drug?

A

Primaquine

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25
Eradicates hypnozoites in the liver, preventing malarial relapse
Primaquine
26
combination of drug for the treatment and chemoprophylaxis ( chloroquine resistant P. falciparum)
Atovaquone-proguanil
27
Causes folic acid deficiency
Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine
28
Used for chemoprophylaxis ( multidrug resistant)
Doxycycline
29
toxicities caused by doxycycline?
Tooth enamel dysplasia/discoloration and photosensitivity
30
Containdicated in children less than 8 years old. also causes pseudotumor cerebri
doxycycline
31
Prototype drug of Halofantrine
Lumefantrine
32
Toxicities caused by halofantrine?
cardiotoxicity (prolong PR and QT interval) and abdominal pain
33
Used in combination with arthemeter ( Co-artem)
Lumefantrine
34
Acts by forming toxic free radicals in malarial food vacuole. blood schizonticide
Artemisinin
35
Drug of choice for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in the Philippines
Co-artem
36
Dosage for multidrug-resistant areas
doxycycline 100 mg/tab, 1 tab daily
37
dosage for chloroquine resistant areas
Mefloquine 250 mg/ tab 1 tab weekly Malarone (atovaquone 250 mg/ proguanil 100 mg)/ tab, 1 tab daily
38
dosage for chloroquine sensitive areas
chloroquine 500 mg / tab, 1 tab weekly
39
Protozoal infections are common in what countries?
underdeveloped tropical and subtropical countries
40
Example of tissue amebicides
metronidazole, emetine, tinidazole and chloroquine
41
example of luminal amebicides
diloxanide furoate, iodoquinol, paromomycin
42
drug of choice for asymptomatic cyst carriers of E. histolytica
Diloxanide Furoate
43
Tissue amebicide that acts by inhibiting protein synthesis and blocks ribosomal movement along messenger RNA
Emetine
44
Backup drug for severe intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis
Emetine
45
Toxicities caused by emetines
cardiovascular dysfunction (arrythmia and congestive heart failure
46
Reserved only for situations when metronidazole cannot be used
emetine
47
Thyroid enlargement and neurotoxicity is caused by what drug?
Iodoquinol
48
toxicities caused by metronidazole
gastrointestinal irritation, metallic taste, dark urine, disulfiram- like reaction
49
drug of choice for severe intestinal and extraintestinal Amebiasis, trichomonas, Giardiasis
Metronidazole
50
backup for asymptomatic cyst carriers and used in intestinal amebiasis
Paromomycin
51
inhibits protein synthesis. binds to 16S ribosomal subunit
Paromomycin
52
Drug of choice for cryptosporidiosis
Nitazoxamide
53
metronidazole-resistant amebiasis
nitazoxamide
54
CD4 count that causes severe life threatening diarrhea from cryptosporidium parvum
CD4
55
opportunistic intestinal protozoa that undergoes schizogony and gametogony
Cryptosporidium parvum
56
Drug of choice for pneumocystis
co-trimoxazole
57
toxicities caused by co-trimoxazole
acute hemolysis in G6PD deficiency, hypersensitivity, and kernicterus
58
Co-trimoxazole is combination of what drugs?
Trimethoprim+Sulfamethoxazole
59
Contraindicated in first trimester causes neurulation defects
co-trimoxazole
60
Displaces protein binding of other drugs/bilirubin
co-trimoxazole
61
backup for pneumocystis treatment and prophylaxis
Pentamidine
62
Pentamidine is administered through what route?
nasal spray(aerosol)
63
drug of choice of toxoplasmosis
Pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine
64
Does not cross the blood brain barrier and used for west african sleeping sickness (hemolymphatic stage)
Pentamidine
65
Used in combination with melarsoprol
Suramin
66
toxicities caused by suramin
Seizures, paresthesias, renal abnormalities( proteinuria), chronic diarrhea and agranulocytosis
67
first line drug for hemolymphatic stage of East African sleeping sickness
Suramin
68
Drug of choice for advance west african sleeping sickness and is less toxic than melarsoprol
Eflornithine
69
drug of choice for african sleeping sickness
Melarsoprol
70
Melarsoprol causes what toxicity?
reactive encephalophaty
71
Route of administration for Melarsoprol
intramuscular
72
drug of choice for chagas disease and backup for african sleeping sickness
Nifurtimox
73
Drug of choice for Leishmaniasis except in India
Sodium stibogluconate
74
sterile abscess, cardiotoxicity (T wave changes, QT prolongation is caused by what drug?
Sodium stibogluconate
75
used for ascaris, pinworm, whipworm infections(DOC)
Mebendazole
76
Drug of choice for Hydatid disease | used for Ascaris, hookworm, pinworm, whipworm infections
Albendazole
77
drugs against nematodes that are Ovicidal
Mebendazole, albendazole, thiabendazole
78
Drug of choice for Filariasis and eye worm disease
diethylcarbamazine
79
Diethylcarbamazine may cause what reaction when used for onchocerciasis
Mazotti reaction
80
filarial fever, toxicity associated with use of DEC is consist of?
fever, rashes, ocular damage, joint and muscle pain, lymphangitis
81
intensifies GABA- mediated neurotransmissions in nematodes. | Acts by immobilizing the parasites
Ivermectin
82
What type of reaction will result to the following s/sx: | fever, headache, dizziness, rashes, pruritus, tachycardia, hypotension, pain in joints, muscles and lymph glands
Mazzoti reaction
83
drug of choice for strongyloides
Ivermectin
84
Pyrantel pamoate is contraindicated in patients with what condition?
hepatic dysfunction
85
it has wide activity against nematodes killing adult worms in colon but not the eggs
pyrantel pamoate
86
hookworm and roundworm infections ( drug of choice) | pinworms backup
Pyrantel pamoate
87
drug of choice for trichinosis
Thiabendazole
88
toxicities caused by thiabendazole
``` lekopenia hematuria hypersensitivity reactions hepatotoxicity( intrahepatic cholestasis, liver failure) reactions caused by dying parasites ```
89
Drug of choice for trematodes and cestode except ecchinococcus granulosus
Praziquantel
90
Praziquantel is contraindicated in what condition?
ocular cysticercosis may cause irreparable eye damage
91
praziquantel is used with what drug in treating neurocysticercosis
corticosteroids
92
Alternative drug for cestode infections
Niclosamide
93
kills scolices and cestode segments but has no effect on ova
Niclosamide
94
After taking niclosamide, ethanol consumption is avoided for how many hours?
48 hours

Pharmacology 1 (2 decks)

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