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Pharmacology 1 > Gastrointestinal drugs > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal drugs Flashcards

1
Q

defensive factors

A

mucus, bicarbonate, prostaglandin, blood flow, restitution and regeneration

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2
Q

principal mechanism of action is reduction of intragastric acidity

A

antacids

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3
Q

After a meal approximately ____ of hydrochloric acid is secreted

A

45 mEq/h

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4
Q

Enumerate the variables that determine acid-neutralization capacity

A

rate of dissolution, rate of water solubility, rate of gastric emptying and rate of reaction with acid

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5
Q

Reacts rapidly with HCL to produce carbon dioxide and sodium chloride

A

Sodium bicarbonate

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6
Q

Formation of carbon dioxide results in what symptoms?

A

gastric distention and belching

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7
Q

unreacted alkali is readily absorbed potentially causing _______

A

metabolic alkalosis

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8
Q

Sodium chloride absorption may exacerbate fluid retention in what conditions?

A

hypertension, renal insufficiency and heart failure

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9
Q

less soluble and reacts more slowly than sodium bicarbonate with HCL ?

A

calcium carbonate

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10
Q

Excessive doses of either sodium bicarbonate or calcium carbonate witn calcium containing dairy products can lead to what syndrome?

A

Milk- alkali syndrome (hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, renal insufficiency)

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11
Q

unabsorbed magnesium salts may cause ______

A

osmotic diarrhea

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12
Q

aluminum salts may cause ____

A

constipation

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13
Q

It is not given within 2 hours of doses of tetracycline, itracinazole, fluconazole, iron

A

Antacids

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14
Q

Give four example of H2 antagonists

A

Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine

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15
Q

undergo first-pass hepatic metabolism resulting in bioavailability of approximately 50%

A

cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine

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16
Q

type of GI drug that are cleared by a combination of hepatic metabolism, glomerular filtration, and renal tubular secretion

A

H2 receptor antagonists

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17
Q

Exhibit competitive inhibition at the parietal cell H2 receptor and suppress basal and meal -stimulated acid secretion

A

H2 antagonists

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18
Q

inhibit nocturnal acid secretion

A

H2 antagonists

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19
Q

H2 antagonist, inhibit ______% of total 24 hour acid secretion

A

60-70%

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20
Q

Duration of H2 antagonists acid inhibition?

A

less than 6 hours

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21
Q

What consist the acid peptic diseases?

A

GERD, peptic ulcer(gastric, duodenal), stress related mucosal injury

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22
Q

causes of peptic ulcer

A

Helicobacter pylori and NSAIDs

23
Q

Other uses of calcium carbonate?

A

osteomalacia and osteoporosis

24
Q

Clinical uses of H2 antagonists

A

GERD, PUD, nonulcer dyspepsia, prevention of bleeding from stress related gastritis

25
Q

Example of stress related mucosal injuries?

A

burn, sepsis, massive injury such as head trauma

26
Q

Adverse effects of H2 antagonists?

A

diarrhea, constipation, headache, myalgia, fatigue

27
Q

adverse effects of use of IV H2 antagonists?

A

increased risk of nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill patients and mental status changes

28
Q

Advers effects of rapid IV H2 antagonists?

A

bradycardia and hypotension

29
Q

Inhibits binding of dihydrotestosterone to androgen receptors, inhibits metabolism of estradiol and increase prolactin levels?

A

Cimetidine

30
Q

Crosses the placenta and secreted into breast milk?

A

H2 antagonists

31
Q

Administered as inactive prodrugs

A

proton pump inhibitors

32
Q

Should be taken on empty stomach because it decreases the bioavailability

A

proton pump inhibitors

33
Q

How many days of medication are required before the full acid inhibiting potential of proton pump inhibitor is reached?

A

3 to 4 days

34
Q

when is the best time to take the proton pump inhibitor?

A

taken 1 hour before a meal usually breakfast

35
Q

Undergo rapid first pass and systemic hepatic metabolism?

A

proton pump inhibitors

36
Q

Proton pump inhibitors works by blocking the final common pathway of acid secretion inhibiting __________

A

inhibit both fasting and meal stimulated secretion

37
Q

drugs that causes subnormal B12 levels

A

proton pump inhibitors

38
Q

Reduced calcium absorption that occurs in proton pump inhibitor increases the risk for _______

A

hip fracture

39
Q

Risks factors for gastric adenocarcinoma related to use of proton pump inhibitors?

A

atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia

40
Q

Decreased acidity caused by proton pump inhibitors causes decreased absorption of what drugs?

A

Digoxin, atazanavir, ketoconazole and itraconazole

41
Q

inhibit the metabolism of warfarin, diazepam and phenytoin?

A

omeprazole

42
Q

decreases the metabolism of diazepam

A

Esomeprazole

43
Q

Lansoprazole enhances the clearance of ______

A

theophylline

44
Q

GI drug that reduces clopidrogel activation and its antiplatelet action?

A

proton pump inhibitors

45
Q

Aggressive factors

A

acid, pepsin, bile

46
Q

Forms a viscious, tenacious paste that binds selectivly to ulcers or erosions for up to 6 hours

A

Sucralfate

47
Q

used in NSAID-induced ulcers

A

misoprostol

48
Q

Methyl analog of PGE 1

A

Misoprostol

49
Q

what are the 2 bismuth compounds?

A

bismuth subsalicylate and bismuth subcitrate

50
Q

Coats ulcers and erosions. stimulate the production of prostaglandin, mucus and bicarbonate secretion

A

bismuth compounds

51
Q

Signs and symptoms of bismuth toxicity?

A

Confusion, Ataxia, Seizures and Headaches

52
Q

adverse effects of bismuth compounds?

A

blackening of the stool and darkening of the tongue

53
Q

It is used for patients who have dyspepsia, traveler’s diarrhea and in eradication of H. pylori?

A

Bismuth compounds

Pharmacology 1 (2 decks)

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