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BCP week 3 > pharmacotherapeutics > Flashcards

pharmacotherapeutics Flashcards

1
Q

alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide, cisplatin) MOA

A

bind to DNA and prevent proper DNA replication.

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2
Q

alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide, cisplatin) major side effects

A

BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION, Nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, alopecia, neuropathy

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3
Q

antimetabolites (methotrexate, fluorouracil) MOA

A

interferes w DNA and RNA growth by substituting for the normal bldg blocks of DNA and RNA (folate antagonist)

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4
Q

antimetabolites (methotrexate, fluorouracil) major side effects

A

NEUROTOXICITY, nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, alopecia, bone marrow suppression

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5
Q

aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole) MOA

A

lowers estrogen levels by stopping an enzyme in fat tissue from changing other hormones into estrogen (BREAST CANCER)

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6
Q

aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole) major side effects

A

fractures, osteoporosis, thromboembolism (MI, stroke), hot flashes, pain, arthralgias, asthenia, N/V, headache

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7
Q

antimicrotubules (vinka alkyloids, cincristine, paclitaxel) MOA

A

blocks cell growth by stopping mitosis

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8
Q

antimicrotubules (vinka alkyloids, cincristine, paclitaxel) major side effects

A

peripheral neuropathy, neutropenia

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9
Q

enzyme inhibitors (irinotecan, imatinib) MOA

A

inhibits enzymes

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10
Q

enzyme inhibitors (irinotecan, imatinib) major side effects

A

cholinergic toxicity, alopecia, diarrhea

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11
Q

targeted therapies (imatinib) MOA

A

imatinib inhibits tyrosine kinase to block proliferation and induce apoptosis

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12
Q

targeted therapies (imatinib) major side effects

A

fluid retention, edema, hepatotoxicity, thrombocytopenia or neutropenia, n/v

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13
Q

gene therapies clinical use

A

experimental! systemic or local tx of malignancies; often use viral vectors for transfer of genes, also methods to stop angiogenesis; currently best used in combo with chemo, adjuvant therapy

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14
Q

gene therapies major side effects

A

often less toxic than chemo because delivered local or with specific target; has not shown to be a superior tx, however; still too new

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15
Q

anthracyclines (doxorubicin) clinical use

A

cytotoxic. messes w the DNA

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16
Q

anthracyclines (doxorubicin) major side effects

A

common: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, N/V/D, anorexia
serious: cardiotoxicity, CHF, ventricular arrhythmias

17
Q

topoisomerase inhibitors (irinotecan, etoposide) MOA

A

interferes w topoisomerases (which are enzymes that separate the strands of DNA so they can be copied)

18
Q

topoisomerase inhibitors (irinotecan, etoposide) major side effects

A

bone marrow suppresion, acute & delayed diarrhea - can be severe

19
Q

mitotic inhibitors: taxanes (paclitaxel), vinca alkaloids (vincristine) MOA

A

can stop mitosis or inhibit enzymes from making proteins needed for cell reproduction

20
Q

mitotic inhibitors: taxanes (paclitaxel), vinca alkaloids (vincristine) major side effects

A

neutropenia, peripheral neuropathy

21
Q

corticosteroids clinical use

A

prednisone: used to treat lymphomas bc it induces lymphocytopenia; treatment of Hodgkin and non-hodgkin lymphomas and to induce remission in ALL.

22
Q

corticosteroids major side effects

A

infections (d/t immunosuppression), ulcers, pancreatitis, hyperglycemia, cataracts, glaucoma, osteoporosis, euphoria or psychosis

23
Q

monoclonal antibodies

A

stimulate natural immune systems to recognize and attack cancer cells. using Abs created outside the body.
also, Bevacizumab:
- Binds and stops vascular endothelial growth factor from stimulating new blood vessel formation
- Tumors do not receive oxygen and nutrients

24
Q

monoclonal antibodies major side effects

A

stroke, heart failure

25
Q

biologic response modifiers

A

Immunotherapy, BRMs are used to enhance the activity of the body’s natural defense mechanisms against cancer. Interferons, family of cytokines, bind cell surface receptors to exert effects on enzyme synthesis, suppression of cell proliferation, activation of macrophages, and increased lymphocyte toxicity

26
Q

biologic response markers common side effects

A

Common: flu-like sxs, anorexia, pruritis/rash, N/V, URI, alopecia
Serious: Myelosuppression, aplastic anemia, pure red cell aplasia, ITP, TTP, psychosis

27
Q

hormone therapies (tamoxifen, leuprolide) clinical use

A

used to slow the growth of cancers which normally grow in response to natural hormones in the body. prevents the cx cells from using the hormone it needs to grow, or preventing the body from making the hormone.

28
Q

hormone therapies (tamoxifen, leuprolide) major side effects

A

hot flashes, thromboembolism

BCP week 3 (4 decks)

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