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Fundamentals of Nursing > Pharmacology Test #1 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Test #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Four main processes for Pharmacokinetics?

A

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion

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2
Q

What is the absorption phase?

A

Process by which drug molecules move from their site of administration

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3
Q

What is the distribution phase?

A

Movement or transport of the drug from the site of absorption to the site of action

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4
Q

What is the metabolism phase?

A

Process used by the body to chemically change a drug, typically to make it easier to excrete that drug

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5
Q

What is the excretion phase?

A

How the body removes drugs mainly through renal, other ways are bile/sweat/saliva/breast milks/lungs

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6
Q

Fastest route of drug delivery?

A

Inhalation

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7
Q

What is Enteral Route?

A

By Mouth or NG, safest because skin barrier isn’t compromised

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8
Q

Disadvantage to Enteral Route

A

First-Pass Effect, Decreased motility

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9
Q

What is Sublingual Route?

A

Kept in mouth, under tongue, absorbed quickly

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10
Q

What is Buccal Route?

A

Cheek; less rapid than sublingual

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11
Q

What is Topical Route?

A

Applied to skin, slow absorption rate

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12
Q

What is Parenteral Route?

A

Drug admin’d through other than enteral or topical (ID, IM, IV)

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13
Q

What are types of routes?

A

Enteral, Sublingual, Buccal, Topical, and Parenteral

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14
Q

Which proteins do drugs bind to? Specifically the highest one?

A

Albumin

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15
Q

Three most important organs for drug metabolism?

A

1) Stomach/Intestines (Absorb) 2) Liver (Metabolism)

3) Kidneys (Excretion)

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16
Q

Latent Phase in Single-Dose

A

Administration -> Minimal Effective Concentration

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17
Q

Duration of Action in Single-Dose

A

MEC -> MEC

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18
Q

What is Drug Half Life?

A

Time required for the amount of the drug in the body to decrease by 50%; This is independent of the amount of the drug given

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19
Q

Amount of time before drug is eliminated?

A

4.5 Half Lives

20
Q

How long before drug plasma concentration plateau’s?

A

4.5 Half Lives

21
Q

What is Pharmacodynamics?

A

Mechanisms of drug action and relationships between drug concentration and responses in the body; How drugs impact or change the body

22
Q

What is a Receptor?

A

A cellular molecule to which a medication binds to produce an effect

23
Q

What is an Agonist?

A

Molecule that activates receptors

24
Q

What is a partial agonist?

A

Produce a response not as great as an agonist

25
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

Blocks activation of a receptor

26
Q

What is therapeutic index?

A

Measure of a drug’s safety

27
Q

If the TI is higher….

A

Safer drug

28
Q

If TI is lower…

A

Less safe drug

29
Q

Additive response of drug-drug interactions

A

Two drugs from similar therapeutic classes produce a combined summative effect

30
Q

Synergistic Response of d-d interactions?

A

Enhanced effect occurs

31
Q

Antagonistic Response of d-d interactions?

A

One drug cancels the effects of another

32
Q

6 Rights of Drug Admin?

A

1) Right Drug
2) Right Dose
3) Right Route
4) Right patient
5) Right time
6) Right documentation

33
Q

Importance of liver to drug metabolism?

A

Liver receives all drugs and metabolizes them into usable forms

34
Q

What is the CYP 450 Enzyme?

A

Metabolizes several drugs and is a substrate of CYP.

35
Q

Grapefruit juice effect?

A

Inhibits CYP enzyme

36
Q

Side Effect

A

Type of drug effects that are less serious than adverse effects, predictable, and may occur even at therapeutic doses

37
Q

Toxicity

A

Adverse effect of a drug caused by an overdose

38
Q

Allergic Reaction

A

Immune response to a drug that can vary greatly in response; Sensitivity to drug

39
Q

Idiosyncratic Effect

A

Uncommon drug response that is caused by a genetic predisposition to the effect

40
Q

Iatrogenic Disease

A

disease caused by physician, which is a drug caused disease

41
Q

Physical Dependence

A

Long term use of drug, leads to abstinence syndrome

42
Q

Carcinogenic Effect

A

Cancer causing action of drugs

43
Q

Teratogenic Effect

A

Birth Defect Causing action of drugs

44
Q

Medication differences in older/kids

A

In older adults, decreased blood flow, renal, and liver efficiency. In kids, 1st pass is reduced and lower metabolism

45
Q

What is bioavailability

A

Ability of drugs to reach the systemic circulation from its site of administration

Fundamentals of Nursing (4 decks)

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