Pharmacology Test #1

Question 1

Four main processes for Pharmacokinetics?

Answer 1

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion

Question 2

What is the absorption phase?

Answer 2

Process by which drug molecules move from their site of administration

Question 3

What is the distribution phase?

Answer 3

Movement or transport of the drug from the site of absorption to the site of action

Question 4

What is the metabolism phase?

Answer 4

Process used by the body to chemically change a drug, typically to make it easier to excrete that drug

Question 5

What is the excretion phase?

Answer 5

How the body removes drugs mainly through renal, other ways are bile/sweat/saliva/breast milks/lungs

Question 6

Fastest route of drug delivery?

Answer 6

Inhalation

Question 7

What is Enteral Route?

Answer 7

By Mouth or NG, safest because skin barrier isn’t compromised

Question 8

Disadvantage to Enteral Route

Answer 8

First-Pass Effect, Decreased motility

Question 9

What is Sublingual Route?

Answer 9

Kept in mouth, under tongue, absorbed quickly

Question 10

What is Buccal Route?

Answer 10

Cheek; less rapid than sublingual

Question 11

What is Topical Route?

Answer 11

Applied to skin, slow absorption rate

Question 12

What is Parenteral Route?

Answer 12

Drug admin’d through other than enteral or topical (ID, IM, IV)

Question 13

What are types of routes?

Answer 13

Enteral, Sublingual, Buccal, Topical, and Parenteral

Question 14

Which proteins do drugs bind to? Specifically the highest one?

Answer 14

Albumin

Question 15

Three most important organs for drug metabolism?

Answer 15

1) Stomach/Intestines (Absorb) 2) Liver (Metabolism)

3) Kidneys (Excretion)

Question 16

Latent Phase in Single-Dose

Answer 16

Administration -> Minimal Effective Concentration

Question 17

Duration of Action in Single-Dose

Answer 17

MEC -> MEC

Question 18

What is Drug Half Life?

Answer 18

Time required for the amount of the drug in the body to decrease by 50%; This is independent of the amount of the drug given

Question 19

Amount of time before drug is eliminated?

Answer 19

4.5 Half Lives

Question 20

How long before drug plasma concentration plateau’s?

Answer 20

4.5 Half Lives

Question 21

What is Pharmacodynamics?

Answer 21

Mechanisms of drug action and relationships between drug concentration and responses in the body; How drugs impact or change the body

Question 22

What is a Receptor?

Answer 22

A cellular molecule to which a medication binds to produce an effect

Question 23

What is an Agonist?

Answer 23

Molecule that activates receptors

Question 24

What is a partial agonist?

Answer 24

Produce a response not as great as an agonist

Question 25

What is an antagonist?

Answer 25

Blocks activation of a receptor

Question 26

What is therapeutic index?

Answer 26

Measure of a drug's safety

Question 27

If the TI is higher....

Answer 27

Safer drug

Question 28

If TI is lower...

Answer 28

Less safe drug

Question 29

Additive response of drug-drug interactions

Answer 29

Two drugs from similar therapeutic classes produce a combined summative effect

Question 30

Synergistic Response of d-d interactions?

Answer 30

Enhanced effect occurs

Question 31

Antagonistic Response of d-d interactions?

Answer 31

One drug cancels the effects of another

Question 32

6 Rights of Drug Admin?

Answer 32

1) Right Drug 2) Right Dose 3) Right Route 4) Right patient 5) Right time 6) Right documentation

Question 33

Importance of liver to drug metabolism?

Answer 33

Liver receives all drugs and metabolizes them into usable forms

Question 34

What is the CYP 450 Enzyme?

Answer 34

Metabolizes several drugs and is a substrate of CYP.

Question 35

Grapefruit juice effect?

Answer 35

Inhibits CYP enzyme

Question 36

Side Effect

Answer 36

Type of drug effects that are less serious than adverse effects, predictable, and may occur even at therapeutic doses

Question 37

Toxicity

Answer 37

Adverse effect of a drug caused by an overdose

Question 38

Allergic Reaction

Answer 38

Immune response to a drug that can vary greatly in response; Sensitivity to drug

Question 39

Idiosyncratic Effect

Answer 39

Uncommon drug response that is caused by a genetic predisposition to the effect

Question 40

Iatrogenic Disease

Answer 40

disease caused by physician, which is a drug caused disease

Question 41

Physical Dependence

Answer 41

Long term use of drug, leads to abstinence syndrome

Question 42

Carcinogenic Effect

Answer 42

Cancer causing action of drugs

Question 43

Teratogenic Effect

Answer 43

Birth Defect Causing action of drugs

Question 44

Medication differences in older/kids

Answer 44

In older adults, decreased blood flow, renal, and liver efficiency. In kids, 1st pass is reduced and lower metabolism

Question 45

What is bioavailability

Answer 45

Ability of drugs to reach the systemic circulation from its site of administration