Pharmacology #1 Must Know's

Question 1

Sodium normal levels?

Answer 1

135 - 145 mEq/L

Question 2

What does Sodium do?

Answer 2

Primarily extracellular, maintains osmotic pressure, acid-base balance, and electrical stability

Question 3

Hypernatremia

Answer 3

Above 145 mEq/L; CV is ~160; Symptons are Nausea, Headache, and Increased Thirst

Question 4

Hyponatremia

Answer 4

Below 125 mEq/L; CV is 115 mEq/L; Symptoms are cramps, headache, depression, lethargy, hyperreflexia, muscle twitching, and tremors

Question 5

Potassium normal levels?

Answer 5

3.5 mEq/L - 5.3 mEq/L

Question 6

What does potassium do?

Answer 6

Primarily intracellular and important in maintaining normal membrane potentials

Question 7

Hyperkalemia

Answer 7

Above 5.2 mEq/L; CV 7.0 mEq/L; Symptoms are Nausea, Abdominal Cramping, and Paresthesia

Question 8

Hypokalemia

Answer 8

Below 3.5 mEq/L, CV Below 2.5 mEq/L; Symptoms are nausea, abdominal cramping, paresthesia, decreased bowel sounds, and ileus

Question 9

Calcium normal levels are

Answer 9

9 mg/dL - 11 mg/dL

Question 10

Potassium is never…

Answer 10

IV Bolus’d due to risk of death

Question 11

5% Dextrose in Water

Answer 11

Isotonic; Replaces water, provides free water for rehydration, and lowers serum sodium in hypernatremia

Question 12

10% Dextrose in Water

Answer 12

Hypertonic; Provides free water and supplies energy

Question 13

20% Dextrose in Water

Answer 13

Hypertonic; Supplies energy and may cause diuresis

Question 14

50% Dextrose in Water

Answer 14

Hypertonic; Corrects hypoglycemia and supplies energy

Question 15

0.45 % Sodium Chloride (1/2 NS)

Answer 15

Hypotonic; Provides free water to replace hypotonic fluid loss, maintains levels of plasma sodium & chloride

Question 16

0.9 % Sodium Chloride (NS)

Answer 16

Isotonic; Expands intravascular volume, replace water lost from extracellular, used with blood, replace large sodium loss

Question 17

3% Sodium Chloride

Answer 17

Hypertonic; Corrects serious sodium depletion

Question 18

5% Dextrose & 0.45% Sodium Chloride

Answer 18

Isotonic; Provides free water, sodium chloride, and maintains fluid of choice

Question 19

Ringer’s Solution

Answer 19

Isotonic; Expands intracellular and replaces extracellular

Question 20

Lactated Ringer’s

Answer 20

Isotonic; replaces fluid losses from burns & GI and is the fluid of choice for acute blood loss

Question 21

Characteristics of normal urine

Answer 21

Clear, amber-colored fluid; 95% water and 5% dissolved solids; few or no plasma proteins, blood cells, or glucose molecules

Question 22

Creatinine clearance rate?

Answer 22

115-125 mL/min

Question 23

Female HGB & HCT

Answer 23

12-15 g/dL; 35-47%

Question 24

Male HGB & HCT

Answer 24

14-16.5 g/dL; 42-52%

Question 25

Whole Blood

Answer 25

Acute Blood Loss and Volume Expansion

Question 26

Packed Red Blood Cells

Answer 26

Severe anemia, hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinopathies

Question 27

Platelets

Answer 27

Replace platelets, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia

Question 28

Fresh Frozen Plasma

Answer 28

Coag factors, for burns, DIC, clotting factor, and warfarin reversal

Question 29

Albumin

Answer 29

Expands the circulating volume and increases colloid oncotic pressure