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pharmacology > Pharmacology Terms > Flashcards

Pharmacology Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Bioavailability

A

The amount of a drug that enters central circulation and is able to cause an effect

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2
Q

Bolus

A

Administration of medication in single dose (as opposed to an infusion)

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3
Q

Concentration

A

For calculation purposes, this is the amount of medication available as packaged

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4
Q

Dose

A

The drug amount intended for administration

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5
Q

Enteral

A

Delivery of medication through the GI tract (oral, sublingual, rectal)

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6
Q

Half-life

A

Period of time required for concentration of drug in the body to be reduced by one-half

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7
Q

Parenteral

A

Delivery of medication outside the GI tract (IV, IO, IM, SQ, IN)

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8
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Movement of a drug through the body, includes absorption, bioavailability, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

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9
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Mechanism of action of a medication

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10
Q

Therapeutic index

A

The range between minimum effective dose of a medication and the maximum safe dose (narrower the index the more risk associated with the medication)

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11
Q

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

A

Prevents the manufacture, sale, or transport of misbranded or poisonous medications

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12
Q

Harrison Narcotic Act (1914)

A

Regulates production,importation, and distribution of opiates

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13
Q

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (1938)

A

Gives the U.S. Food and Drug Administration authority to oversee the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics

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14
Q

Controlled Substances Act (1970)

A

Categorizes controlled substance based on their potential for abuse and potential medical benefits

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15
Q

Six rights of drug administration

A
  1. Patient
  2. Drug
  3. Time
  4. Route
  5. Amount
  6. Documentation
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16
Q

Adrenergic

A

Related to the sympathetic nervous system (think “adrenaline “)

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17
Q

Adverse effect

A

Unintended effect of a medication administration

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18
Q

Agonist

A

Medication that stimulates a specific response

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19
Q

Analgesic

A

Medication that reduces pain

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20
Q

Antagonist

A

Medication that inhibits a specific action

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21
Q

Cholinergic

A

Related to the parasympathetic nervous system (think “acetylcholine”)

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22
Q

Contraindications

A

Circumstance when a medication should not be used

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23
Q

Cumulative effect

A

Repeated administration of a medication that produces effects that are more pronounced than the first dose

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24
Q

Drug class

A

Categorization of medications with similarities or uses

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25
Q

Extra pyramidal

A

Tremors, slurred speech, restlessness, muscle twitching, anxiety side effects

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26
Q

Habituation

A

Diminishing of a physiological or emotional response to a frequently repeated stimulus (cigarettes)

27
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

Undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity

28
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

Solution that has a greater concentration of solutes on the outside of a cell when compared with the inside of a cell, causing fluid to move out of the cell

29
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

Solution that has a lesser concentration of solutes on the outside of a cell when compared with the inside of a cell, causing fluid to move into the cell

30
Q

Indication

A

Circumstance when a medication should be considered

31
Q

Isotonic solution

A

Sodium concentration same as intracellular fluid

32
Q

Mechanism of action

A

Pharmacological effects of a medication

33
Q

Potentiation

A

Interaction between two on more medications causing a response greater than the sum of each individual medication

34
Q

Refractory

A

Resistant to treatment

35
Q

Side effect

A

Unwanted effect of medication administration

36
Q

Therapeutic action

A

Desirable effects of medication administration

37
Q

Tolerance

A

Reduced response to a medication due to repeated use

38
Q

Untoward effect

A

Adverse or harmful side effects of medication administration

39
Q

altered LOC/OD drugs

A
  • activated charcoal
  • dextrose
  • glucagon
  • naloxone
  • thiamine
40
Q

Analgesic drugs

A
  • fentanyl
  • morphine
  • nitrous oxide
41
Q

Antidysrhythmics/antiarrhythmics

A
  • adenosine
  • amiodarone
  • atropine
  • cardizem
  • lidocaine
  • verapamil
42
Q

Cardiac drugs

A
  • aspirin
  • bumetanide
  • dopamine
  • epinephrine
  • furosemide
  • nitroglycerine
43
Q

Electrolytes/misc

A
  • calcium
  • magnesium sulfate
  • ondansetron
  • oxygen
  • oxytocin
  • promethazine
  • sodium bicarbonate
44
Q

Respiratory drugs

A
  • albuterol
  • atrovent
  • decadron
  • diphenhydramine
  • methylprednisolone
45
Q

Sedation/seizure/paralytic

A
  • diazepam
  • etomidate
  • ketamine
  • lorazepam
  • midazolam
  • succinylcholine
46
Q

Receptor sites:

  1. Alpha 1
  2. Beta 1
  3. Beta 2
  4. Opioid
A
  1. Cause vasoconstriction
  2. Cause increased heart rate (chronotrope), increased cardiac force of contraction (intrope), and increased myocardial conduction (dromotrope)
  3. Cause bronchodilator
  4. Causes CNS depression, analgesia
47
Q

Liquid medications administered into the body through intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intravenous are known as:

A

Parenteral drugs

48
Q

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that controls vegetative functions such as digestion of food, is the:

A

Parasympathetic

49
Q

You are treating a pediatric patient for bradycardia. The patient weighs approximately 10 kilograms. Protocol indicates that 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO should be given. What is the dose of epinephrine for this patient?

A

1mg

50
Q

Which of the following would be listed as a Schedule I drug?

A

Heroin

51
Q

The term “therapeutic index” refers to:

A

Ratio of a drugs lethal dose to its therapeutic dose

52
Q

After determining that your patient has overdosed on a narcotic medication causing a decreased respiratory drive, you administer the medication, naloxone that opposes the effects of the narcotic increasing the respiratory drive. This is an example of a/an:

A

Antagonism

53
Q

________ is the length of time that a medication concentration is sufficient in the blood to produce a therapeutic response.

A

Duration of action

54
Q

During the morning drug inventory of your unit, you notice that you have a solution of 10% calcium chloride available. Based on the commonly used weight/volume percentage, you know that this solution contains:

A

10g/100cc

55
Q

You are ordered to give 250 ml of 0.9% normal saline to a patient over 20 minutes. You are using a macroinfusion set (10 gtts/ml). What will you set your drip rate at?

A

125gtts/min

56
Q

A medication’s half-life refers to the:

A

Time required for the total dose to be reduced by 1/2

57
Q

Two major divisions of pharmacology are:

A

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

58
Q

Stimulation of the ________ results in pupillary constriction, digestive gland secretion, bronchoconstriction, and reduction in heart rate and contractile force.

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

59
Q

Medical direction has ordered that you administer a medication to a patient that you believe will cause harm to the patient if administered. After reading back the order to medical direction, the physician insists that you give the medication. Which of the following BEST describes your next actions?

A

State your objectives, withhold the medication, and document carefully

60
Q

An administration set suitable for administering large amounts of fluid to patients suffering from fluid loss would be a:

A

Macrodrip infusion set

61
Q

You are ordered to administer 2 mg/min of lidocaine to a patient who has received a bolus of lidocaine during cardiac arrest. You have prepared the lidocaine by placing 1 gram in 250 cc of D5W. You are utilizing a microdrip (60 gtts/mL) administration set. What is the correct drip rate?

A

30gtts/min

62
Q

When a fluid on one side of a cellular membrane contains a higher solute concentration than fluid on the other side, the fluid is said to be ________.

A

Hypertonic

63
Q

Which of the following catheters should be used when initiating an intravenous line on an adult patient who may need large amounts of fluid?

A

16 gauge

pharmacology (13 decks)

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