misc drugs

Question 1

calcium chloride ; gluconate

Answer 1

Classification: Electrolyte

MOA: Counteracts the toxicity of hyperkalemia by stabilizing the membranes of the cardiac cells, reduces the likelihood of fibrillation
Indications: hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hypermagnesemia

AR/SE: Soft tissue necrosis, hypotension, bradycardia if administered too rapidly

Contraindications: known allergy, hypercalcemia, digitalis toxicity

Dosage: 500-1000 mg slow IV

Special Considerations: (P class C)

Question 2

phenylephrine ; neo-synephrine

Answer 2

Classification: Adrenergic agonist

MOA: stimulates the alpha receptors, causing vasoconstriction, which results in increased blood pressure.

Indications: Neurogenic shock, cases of shock in which the patient heart rate does not need to be increased, drug- induced hypotension.

AR/SE: Hypertension, VT, headache, excitability, tremor, MI, exacerbation of asthma, reflex bradycardia, arrhythmias, soft tissue necrosis

Contraindications: known allergy, acute MI, angina, arrhythmias, severe hypertension, CAD,
MAOI therapy, cardiomyopathy

Dosage: 100-180 mcg/min IV

Special Considerations: (P class C)

Question 3

potassium chloride

Answer 3

Classification: Electrolyte

MOA: replaces potassium, slight alterations in extracellular potassium levels can cause serious alteration in both cardiac and nervous function
Indications: Hypokalemia

AR/SE: hyperkalemia, AV Block, cardiac arrest, GI bleeding/obstruction/perforation.; tissue necrosis if infiltrates.

Contraindications: known allergy, caution w/ known cardiac arrhythmias, renal failure, muscle cramps, severe tissue trauma.

Dosage: Per Medical Direction

Special Considerations (P class C)

Question 4

tranexamic acid ; txa

Answer 4

Classification: antifibrinolytic

MOA: prevents enzymes in the body from breaking down blood clots

Indications: For patients with evidence of significant external hemorrhage or suspected internal hemorrhage as evidenced by tachycardia, signs of poor perfusion, hypotension or altered mental status

AR/SE: headache, lightheaded, dizziness, joint pain

Contraindications: known allergy, active intravascular clotting, upper renal tract bleeding, subarachnoid hemorrhage

Dosage: Mix TXA 1000 mg/10 mL into 100 mL bag of Normal Saline and run over 10 minutes
Pediatric dose 15mg/kg intravenously over 10minutes (maximum dose 1g)
Be sure to notify receiving facility that TXA therapy has been initiated and the time it was administered.

Special Considerations (P class B)