Pharmacology Principles

Question 1

Two drugs absorbed into the circulation in the same amount (in specific dosage forms) have the same bioavailability

Answer 1

bioequivalent

Question 2

the physiologic state in which the amount of drug removed via elimination is equal to the amount of drug absorbed from each dose

Answer 2

steady state

Question 3

two drugs, given together, with a resulting effect that is greater than the sum of the effects of each drug given alone

Answer 3

synergistic

Question 4

inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an active metabolite by various biochemical reactions once it is inside the body

Answer 4

prodrug

Question 5

An intravenous (IV) injection provides

Answer 5

the fastest route of absorption

Question 6

The IV route does not affect the number of adverse effects nor does it cause delayed tissue absorption (it results in faster absorption). TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

Drugs given by the parenteral route does not bypass the first-pass effect. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 7

FALSE

Question 8

Reduced blood flow to the stomach and the presence of food in the stomach apply to enteral drugs (taken orally), not to parenteral drugs. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

an extension of a drug’s normal effects in the body

Answer 9

pharmacologic reaction

Question 10

a predictable, well-known adverse drug reaction that results in minor or no changes in patient management.

Answer 10

adverse effect

Question 11

(also known as a hypersensitivity reaction) involves the patient’s immune system

Answer 11

allergic reaction

Question 12

unexpected and is defined as a genetically determined abnormal response to normal dosages of a drug

Answer 12

idiosyncratic reaction

Question 13

the time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be removed from the body.

Answer 13

A drug’s half-life

Question 14

the time during which drug concentration is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response

Answer 14

Duration of action

Question 15

the time it takes for the drug to elicit a therapeutic response

Answer 15

onset

Question 16

time it takes for the drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response.

Answer 16

drug’s peak effect

Question 17

the length of time it takes to remove a drug from circulation.

Answer 17

Elimination

Question 18

Drugs administered via the sublingual route are placed

Answer 18

under the tongue

Question 19

Drugs administered via the buccal route are placed in the space

Answer 19

cheek and the gum

Question 20

The kidneys are the organs that are most responsible for

Answer 20

drug excretion

Question 21

Renal function does not affect the absorption and distribution of a drug. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

to make the patient as comfortable as possible. It is typically used in the end stages of illnesses when all attempts at curative therapy have failed

Answer 22

palliative therapy

Question 23

used for the treatment of chronic illnesses such as hypertension.

Answer 23

Maintenance therapy

Question 24

based on clinical probabilities and involves drug administration when a certain pathologic condition has an uncertain but high likelihood of occurrence based on the patient’s initial presenting symptoms.

Answer 24

Empiric therapy

Question 25

supplies the body with a substance needed to maintain normal function.

Answer 25

Supplemental (or replacement therapy

Question 26

Injections into the fatty subcutaneous tissue under the dermal layer of skin are referred to as

Answer 26

subcutaneous injections

Question 27

Injections under the more superficial skin layers immediately underneath the epidermal layer of skin and into the dermal layer are known as

Answer 27

intradermal injections

Question 28

Injections into the muscle beneath the subcutaneous fatty tissue are referred to as

Answer 28

intramuscular injections

Question 29

applied to the skin via an adhesive patch.

Answer 29

Transdermal drug