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PHARMACOLOGY > PHARMACOLOGY PART 3 > Flashcards

PHARMACOLOGY PART 3 Flashcards

1
Q

the method by which
a drug dose is made available to the body

A

Drug administration:

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2
Q

physical state of the drug
in association with nondrug components

ex: Tabs, caps, injectables

A

Drug Dosage Forms-

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3
Q

is the portal of
entry for the drug into the body

ex: oral(enteral, injection, or inhalation

A

The route of administration

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4
Q

active ingredient

A

drug

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5
Q

gelatinous material that allows
drug to be swallowed

A

capsule

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6
Q

Preservatives, propellants for MDI, dispersants
(surfactants) and carrier agents with DPI

A

Aerosol agents

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7
Q

refers literally to the small
intestines

more broadly applicable to administration of
drugs intended for absorption anywhere along
the GIT

A

enteral

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8
Q

most common route bec it is convenient,
painless and offers flexibility in possible

A

mouth

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9
Q

means beside the intestines

A

parental

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10
Q

bolus or steady infusion

A

Intravenous(IV)

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11
Q

injected deep into the
skeletal muscle

A

Intramuscular (IM)

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12
Q

gases and aerosolized agents

A

Inhalational-

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13
Q

skin, eyes, nasal drops

A

Topical

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14
Q

What are the 5 routes of administration?

A

Enteral, Parental, Transdermal, Inhalational,Topical

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15
Q

The time course and disposition of drug in the body. Absorption, metabolism, and elimination

A

Pharmacokinetics

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16
Q

The drug will go into the blood stream that will be transport all throughout the body

A

systemic effect

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17
Q

This can lead to unwanted effects

A

local effect

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18
Q

describes what the body to to the drugs

A

Pharmacokinetics

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19
Q

describes what the drug does to the body

A

pharmacodynamics

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20
Q

4 absorption in pharmacokinetic phase

A

Aqueous Diffusion

Lipid Diffusion

Carrier-mediated Transport

Pinocytosis

21
Q

factors affecting absorption

A

Route of administration

Bioavailability- is used to indicate the proportion
of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation

Blood flow to the site of absorption

22
Q

is used to indicate the proportion
of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation

A

bioavailability

23
Q

is the process by which a
drug is transported to its site of
action, eliminated, or stored.

A

distribution

24
Q

primary site of drug metabolism
and biotransformation

A

liver

25
Q

Liver contains ____ that
convert lipophilic(lipid-soluble) drug
molecule into water-soluble metabolites
that are more easily excreted.

A

intracellular enzymes

26
Q

major enzyme system in the liver

A

cytochrome P450

27
Q

Rifampin can induce _____ and increase the metabolism of several drugs, including warfarin
and oral contraceptives

A

CYP enzymes

28
Q

cigarette smoking can
increase the breakdown of _____ in patients with
chronic lung disease, shortening the half-life of the drug
from approximately ______

A

theophylline
7.0 to 4.3 hours

29
Q

The primary site of drug excretion in the body is the
is important for removing drug metabolites
produced by the live

A

kidney

30
Q

site of much drug metabolism

A

liver

31
Q

is a measure of the ability of the body
to rid itself of a drug. Most often, is expressed as
total systemic or plasma clearance to emphasize that all of the
various mechanisms by which a given drug is cleared (e.g.,
metabolism, excretion) are taken into account.

A

clearance

32
Q

refers to a hypothetical volume of
plasma that is completely cleared of all drug over a given
period. Consequently, Clp is usually expressed as liters per
hour (L/hr) or, if body weight is taken into account, liters
per hour per kilogram

A

PLASMA CLEARANCE

33
Q

To achieve a steady level of drug in the body, dosing must
equal the rate of elimination:
Dosing rate (mg/hr) (CIP)(L/hr) ×
plasma concentration mg/L)

A

mAINTENANCE DOSE

34
Q

(T1⁄2) (the time required for the plasma
concentration of a drug to decrease by one-half) is a measure of how quickly a drug is eliminated from the body.

A

Plasma half life

35
Q

The first-pass metabolism of three common inhaled aerosol drugs is a

A

Albuterol: 50%
* Budesonide: 90%
* Terbutaline: 90%

36
Q

plasma half life of common drugs

A

Acetaminophen 2
Amoxicillin 1.7
Azithromycin 40
Digoxin 39
Gabapentin 6.5
Morphine 1.9
Paroxetine 17
Terbutaline 14

37
Q

is exemplified by a
nasally inhaled vasoconstricting agent (decongestant), such
as oxymetazoline (Afrin), or by an inhaled bronchodilator
aerosol, such as albuterol (Proventil-HFA, Ventolin-HFA,
Proair HFA), to dilate the lower airways.

A

local effect

38
Q

exemplified by the administration of inhaled
zanamivir (Relenza) to treat influenza, inhaled morphine
for pain control, or inhaled insulin aerosol for systemic
control of diabetes.2

A

systemic effect

39
Q

s used in the treatment of respiratory diseases
such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or
cystic fibrosis are intended for a local, targeted effect in the
lung and airway

A

inhaled aerosols

40
Q

y. The traditional percentages given
for stomach and airway proportions, based on Newman’s is

A

90% (stomach) and 10% (airway)

41
Q

Approximately —— of the drug impacts in the
mouth or oropharynx and contributes to the 90% reaching
the stomach

A

50% to 60%

42
Q

Lung deposition with an inhaled —–, has been reported as 15%
with a pressurized MDI (pMDI) and 32% with a—–

A

corticosteroid, budesonide (Pulmicort)
DPI (Pulmicort Turbuhaler; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, Delawar

43
Q

It is thought that aerosol drugs interact
with the site of action in the airway: secretions in the lumen, nerve endings, cells (e.g., mast cells), or bronchial
smooth muscle in the airway wall

A

inhaled portion

44
Q

Factors Increasing Lung Availability/
Total Systemic Availability (L/T) Ratio
with Inhaled Drugs

A
  • Efficient delivery devices (high airway and low gastrointestinal
    delivery)
  • Inhaled drugs with high first-pass metabolism
  • Mouthwashing, including rinsing and spitting
  • Use of a reservoir device (spacer, holding chamber) to decrease oropharyngeal deposition and swallowed drug amount
45
Q

Using an MDI, approximately— of the inhaled drug reaches the lung,
with — going to the stomach. With complete absorption
from the stomach, half of this 70% is broken down in the
liver, so that — reaches the systemic circulation. The total amount of the original 100% dose reaching the circulation is —- (lung, 30%; stomach and liver, 35%). Because
30% of the 65% comes from the lung, this gives an L/T
ratio of 30/65 $

A

30%,70%,35%, 65%,0.46.

46
Q

describes the mechanism of activity by
which drugs cause their effects in the body. The principal
concept is the drug target protein (e.g., drug receptor).

A

pharmacodynamics

47
Q

are any cell component that combines with a drug to change or enhance the function of the
cell

A

receptor

48
Q

The relationship between the
chemical structure of a drug and its clinical effect or activity
is termed the

A

structure-activity relationship (SAR).

49
Q

MEASURE OF HOW QUICLY THE DRUG IS ELIMINATED FORM THE BODY

A

PLASMA CLEARANCE

PHARMACOLOGY (3 decks)

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