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pharmacology > pharmacology of the ans > Flashcards

pharmacology of the ans Flashcards

1
Q

what NTS and receptor do both the parasympathetic and sympathetic use betwen pre and post synaptic neurons?

A

acetylcholine

nicotinic receptor

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2
Q

what NTS and receptor do parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurons use?

A

acetylcholine and muscarinic receptors on target organs

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3
Q

what NTS and receptor do sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons use?

A

noradrenaline

alpha or beta adrenoreceptors

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4
Q

what NTS and receptor do sweat glands use?

A

ACh and muscarinic receptors

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5
Q

what NTS and receptor do kidneys use?

A

dopamine and dopamine receptors

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6
Q

where are adrenaline and noradrenaline secreted from?

A

adrenal gland

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7
Q

what are NANCs?

A

non-adrenergic non cholinergic - set of neurons that co-secrete other NTS along with NA and ACh

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8
Q

what tissues are NANCs generally found in?

A

peripheral tissues - especially those of the GI tract and reproductive tract

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9
Q

what substances can NANCs co-transport NA and ACh with?

A 
Nitric oxide
ATP
Vasoactive intestinal peptide
Neuropeptide
5-HT
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10
Q

what nerves are NANCs found in?

A

Parasympathetic and vagus

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11
Q

how do parasympathetic agonists produce a similar response to ACh?

A

activate muscarinic or nicotinic receptors

prevent ACh breakdown so more of the endogenous ligand

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12
Q

what are nicotinic receptors selectively activated by?

A

alkaloid nicotine

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13
Q

what are muscarinic receptors selectively activated by?

A

alkaloid muscarine

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14
Q

what are nicotinic receptors?

A

petameric ligand gated sodium channels

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15
Q

what are nicotinic receptors made up of?

A

5 subunits

2 alpha and 3 beta

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16
Q

name some nicotinic agonists?

A

acetylcholine, carbachol
nicotine
suxamethonium

17
Q

where are alpha 3 nicotinic receptors found?

A

autonomic ganglia

18
Q

where are alpha 1 nicotinic receptors found?

A

neurotransmitter junction

19
Q

where are alpha 4 and 7 nicotinic receptors found?

A

CNS

20
Q

what does carbachol treat?

A

glaucoma

21
Q

how is carbachol administered?

A

topically - not absorbed well across the BBB or the gut

22
Q

what type of nicotinic receptor does nicotine affect?

A

those in the ganglia and CNS

23
Q

what does suxamethonium do?

A

short term nucleomuscular block

24
Q

what receptors does suxamethonium target?

A

alpha 1 - neurotransmitter junction

25
Q

what is the use of nicotine?

A

smoking cessation

26
Q

where are acetylcholine receptors found in the nervous system?

A

parasympathetic postganglionic - on effector tissues
sympathetic postganglionic - sweat glands
between pre and post synaptic neurons in para and symp

27
Q

where are muscarinic receptors found?

A

effector tissues innervated by postganglionic para axons

sympathetic post-ganglion neurons in sweat glands

28
Q

what are the types of muscarinic receptors and are they excitatory or inhibitory?

A 
M1 - E
M2 - I
M3 - E
M4 - I
M5 - E
29
Q

where is M1 found and what does it do?

A

CNS

CNS excitation and gastric acid secretion

30
Q

where is M2 found and what does it do?

A

Heart

Cardiac inhibition

31
Q

where is M3 found and what does it do?

A

Exocrine glands - secretion
Smooth muscles - contraction
Vascular endothelium - vasodilation

32
Q

where are M4 and M5 found and what do they do?

A

CNS - memory, arousal, attention and analgesia

33
Q

name the non-selective nicotinic antagonists

A

hexamethonium
pancuronium
tubocurarine

34
Q

what does hexamethonium do and where does it act?

A

antihypertensive treatment

ganglionic

35
Q

what does pancuronium do and where does it act?

A

longer NMJ blocker
lethal injection
NMJ

36
Q

what does tubocurarine do and where does it act?

A

skeletal muscle - relaxation and paralysis

NMJ

37
Q

name the muscarinic agonists

A

carbuchol
bethanechol
pilocarpine

38
Q

what does bethanechol do and where does it act?

A

increases bladder and GI contraction and it acts on M3 receptor on detrusor muscle

39
Q

what does pilocarpine do and where does it act?

A

eye drops for glaucome and it acts on muscarinic

pharmacology (5 decks)

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