pharmacology of the ans Flashcards
what NTS and receptor do both the parasympathetic and sympathetic use betwen pre and post synaptic neurons?
acetylcholine
nicotinic receptor
what NTS and receptor do parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurons use?
acetylcholine and muscarinic receptors on target organs
what NTS and receptor do sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons use?
noradrenaline
alpha or beta adrenoreceptors
what NTS and receptor do sweat glands use?
ACh and muscarinic receptors
what NTS and receptor do kidneys use?
dopamine and dopamine receptors
where are adrenaline and noradrenaline secreted from?
adrenal gland
what are NANCs?
non-adrenergic non cholinergic - set of neurons that co-secrete other NTS along with NA and ACh
what tissues are NANCs generally found in?
peripheral tissues - especially those of the GI tract and reproductive tract
what substances can NANCs co-transport NA and ACh with?
Nitric oxide ATP Vasoactive intestinal peptide Neuropeptide 5-HT
what nerves are NANCs found in?
Parasympathetic and vagus
how do parasympathetic agonists produce a similar response to ACh?
activate muscarinic or nicotinic receptors
prevent ACh breakdown so more of the endogenous ligand
what are nicotinic receptors selectively activated by?
alkaloid nicotine
what are muscarinic receptors selectively activated by?
alkaloid muscarine
what are nicotinic receptors?
petameric ligand gated sodium channels
what are nicotinic receptors made up of?
5 subunits
2 alpha and 3 beta
name some nicotinic agonists?
acetylcholine, carbachol
nicotine
suxamethonium
where are alpha 3 nicotinic receptors found?
autonomic ganglia
where are alpha 1 nicotinic receptors found?
neurotransmitter junction
where are alpha 4 and 7 nicotinic receptors found?
CNS
what does carbachol treat?
glaucoma
how is carbachol administered?
topically - not absorbed well across the BBB or the gut
what type of nicotinic receptor does nicotine affect?
those in the ganglia and CNS
what does suxamethonium do?
short term nucleomuscular block
what receptors does suxamethonium target?
alpha 1 - neurotransmitter junction
what is the use of nicotine?
smoking cessation
where are acetylcholine receptors found in the nervous system?
parasympathetic postganglionic - on effector tissues
sympathetic postganglionic - sweat glands
between pre and post synaptic neurons in para and symp
where are muscarinic receptors found?
effector tissues innervated by postganglionic para axons
sympathetic post-ganglion neurons in sweat glands
what are the types of muscarinic receptors and are they excitatory or inhibitory?
M1 - E M2 - I M3 - E M4 - I M5 - E
where is M1 found and what does it do?
CNS
CNS excitation and gastric acid secretion
where is M2 found and what does it do?
Heart
Cardiac inhibition
where is M3 found and what does it do?
Exocrine glands - secretion
Smooth muscles - contraction
Vascular endothelium - vasodilation
where are M4 and M5 found and what do they do?
CNS - memory, arousal, attention and analgesia
name the non-selective nicotinic antagonists
hexamethonium
pancuronium
tubocurarine
what does hexamethonium do and where does it act?
antihypertensive treatment
ganglionic
what does pancuronium do and where does it act?
longer NMJ blocker
lethal injection
NMJ
what does tubocurarine do and where does it act?
skeletal muscle - relaxation and paralysis
NMJ
name the muscarinic agonists
carbuchol
bethanechol
pilocarpine
what does bethanechol do and where does it act?
increases bladder and GI contraction and it acts on M3 receptor on detrusor muscle
what does pilocarpine do and where does it act?
eye drops for glaucome and it acts on muscarinic
