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Pharma 4 > Pharmacology of Parasitoses > Flashcards

Pharmacology of Parasitoses Flashcards

1
Q

Protozoal diseases are less easily treated than bacterial infections. Why?

A

They are similar to us, EUKARYOTES

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2
Q

Protozoal infection that causes congenital anomalies because it can cross the placental barrier?

A

Toxoplasma

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3
Q

DOC Amoebiasis

A

Metronidazole

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4
Q

Schizogony

A

Asexual

BLOOD and LIVER

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5
Q

Gametogony

A

Asexual

BLOOD only

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6
Q

Sporogony

A

Mosquito

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7
Q

DOC for Tertian Malaria

A

Primaquine

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8
Q

Tissue Schizonticide (Primaquine) acts on:

A

LIVER

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9
Q

Hypnozoites is killed by

A

Tissue Schizonticides

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10
Q

Chloroquine and Quinine are

A

Blood Schizonticides

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11
Q

Aside from being a Tissue schizonticide, primaquine is also a

A

Gametocide

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12
Q

Proguanil and Pyrimethamine are

A

Sporonticides

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13
Q

Chloroquine MOA

A

Prevents Heme into Hemozoin (Blood)

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14
Q

Toxicity of Chloroquine

A

Retinal damage

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15
Q

Knowing the MOA of Chloroquine, it may?

A

Precipitate to Porphyria (Heme to hemozoin blockade)

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16
Q

Most resistant species to Chloroquine

A

Falciparum

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17
Q

2 drugs commonly used with Quinine to limit toxicities

A

Doxycycline

Clindamycin

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18
Q

Most important parasitic infection

A

Malaria

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19
Q

Quinine MOA

A

Blocks DNA replication and transcription

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20
Q

Quinine common toxicities

A

Cinchonism

BLACKWATER FEVER

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21
Q

Mefloquine > Quinine on pregnancy

A

Quinine has a potential to have an ABORTIFACIENT PROPERTY

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22
Q

Severe complication of P. falciparum malaria

A

Blackwater fever

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23
Q

Blackwater fever triad

A

Intravascular Hemolysis
Massive Hemoglobinuria
Acute Renal Failure

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24
Q

Chloroquine-resistant Chemoprophylaxis

A

Mefloquine

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25
Q

Mefloquine is a

A

Blood Schizonticide

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26
Q

Most common side effects of Mefloquine

A

SKIN RASH

Psychosis

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27
Q

Only Gametocide

A

Primaquine

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28
Q

Primaquine MOA

A

Cellular oxidants

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29
Q

Primaquine is both

A

Tissue Schizonticide

Gametocide

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30
Q

Most common toxicity of Primaquine

A

Methemoglobinemia

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31
Q

Recommended usage of Primaquine

A

Take together with a BLOOD SCHIZONTICIDE

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32
Q

Kill HYPNOZOITES to prevent relapse

A

Radical Cure

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33
Q

Primaquine is also an alternative drug for

A

Pneumocystis

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34
Q

Drug for Vivax and Ovale

A

Chloroquine + Primaquine

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35
Q

Most common used in Chemoprophylaxis of Malaria

A

Atovaquone-Proguanil

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36
Q

Disrupts mitochondrial transport; blood an tissue schizonticide

A

Atovaquone

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37
Q

Inhibits folate synthesis; sporonticide

A

Proguanil

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38
Q

Common chemoprophylactic agent in multi-drug resistant

A

Doxycycline

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39
Q

Doxycycline is a

A

Blood Schizonticide

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40
Q

Toxicities seen in Doxycycline

A

TOOTH ENAMEL DYSPLASIA/DISCOLORATION and photosensitivity

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41
Q

Decrease in absorption of Doxycycline will happen in

A

Milk drinking

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42
Q

Contraindication of Doxycycline

A

Children and Pregnancy

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43
Q

Other indications of Doxycycline

A

Acne

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44
Q

Increase ICP effect of Doxycycline leads to

A

Pseudotumor cerebri

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45
Q

Alternative drug for intolerance of Doxycycline

A

Mefloquine

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46
Q

A Blood Schizonticide usually combined with Co Artem

A

Halofrantine

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47
Q

2 Drugs used for severe malaria

A

Quinine

Halofrantine

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48
Q

Common toxicity of Halofrantine

A

PR and QT prolongation

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49
Q

Artemisinin is a

A

Blood Schizonticide

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50
Q

MOA of Artemisinin

A

FREE RADICALS on food vacuoles

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51
Q

DOC for uncomplicated malaria in the Phils

A

Artemisinin

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52
Q

Malarial Chemoprophylaxis usually last for

A

1 month

53
Q

Most common intestinal site for Amoeba

A

Liver

54
Q

Tissue Amebicides

A

Chloroquine
Emetine
Metronidazole
Tinidazole

T CEMT

55
Q

Luminal Amebicides

A

Diloxanide furoate
Iodoquinol
Parmomycin

L DIP

56
Q

DOC for Asymptomatic Amoebiasis

A

Diloxanide Furoate

57
Q

DOC for Mild-Moderate Amoebiasis

A

Metronidazole + Luminal Agent

58
Q

DOC for Both SEVERE and HEPATIC ABSCESS Amoebiasis

A

Metronidazole or Tinidazole + Luminal agent

59
Q

For asymptotic carriers of CYSTS for E. histolytica

A

Diloxanide Furoate

60
Q

A tissue amebicide which inhibits Protein Synthesis

A

Emetine

61
Q

Most common toxicity of Emetine

A

Arrhythmias and CHF

62
Q

Some common toxicities of this drug are THYROID ENLARGEMENT and NEUROTOXICITY

A

Iodoquinol

63
Q

A luminal amebicide commonly combined with Metronidazole

A

Iodoquinol

64
Q

MOA of metronidazole

A

Redox of Ferredoxin forming FREE RADICALS that disrupt the electron transport chain

65
Q

Common toxicities of Metronidazole

A

Metallic taste, DARK URINE

66
Q

Other parasitic uses of Metronidazole

A

Giardia, Trichomonas

67
Q

Disulfiram-like reactions (seizures) is achieved by combining Metronidazole with

A

Alcohol

68
Q

Where does Paromomycin bind to inhibit protein synthesis?

A

16s ribosomal subunit

69
Q

DOC for Cryptosporidium

A

Nitazoxanide

70
Q

Nitazoxanide have the same MOA with Metronidazole which is?

A

Redox of Ferredoxin to form FREE RADICALS that disrupts the electron transport chain

71
Q

Contraindication of Nitazoxanide

A

Immunocompromised individuals

72
Q

Undergoes Schizogony and Gametogony

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

73
Q

C. parvum is an intestinal protozoa that inducea diarrhea via?

A

Auto infection

74
Q

DOC for Pneumocystosis

A

Co-Trimoxazole

75
Q

Co-Trimoxazole inhibits this 2 enzyme in folate synthesis

A

Dihyropteroate synthase- SULFAMETHOXAZOLE

Dihydrofolate reductase - TRIMETHOPRIM

76
Q

Co-Trimoxazole common toxicity

A

Kernicterus - Bilirubin Emcephalopathy

77
Q

Co-trimoxazole Hypersensitivity rashes is in the form of?

A

Stephen-Johnson syndrome

78
Q

First brain structure affected in Kernicterus

A

Basal Ganglia

79
Q

Nasally administered

A

Pentamidine

80
Q

DOC for Toxoplasmosis

A

Sulfadiazine-Pyrimethamine

81
Q

Pyrimethamine-Sulfadiazine MOA

A

Dihydropteroate synthase- SULFADIAZINE

Dihydrofolate reductase- PYRIMETHAMINE

82
Q

Drug that induces Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Clindamycin

83
Q

West African Early

A

Pentamidine

84
Q

West African with CNS involvement

A

Eflornithine

85
Q

East African Early

A

Suramin

86
Q

East African with CNS involvement

A

Melarsoprol

87
Q

Common indication of Pentamidine

A

Kala-Azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis)

88
Q

Back up for Onchocerciasis

A

Suramin

89
Q

Suramin toxicities

A

Paresthesias
Renal Abnormalities
Chronic Diarrhea
Agranulocytosis

90
Q

Enzyme inhibited by Eflornithine

A

Ornithine decarboxylase

91
Q

Organic Arsenical

A

Melarsoprol

92
Q

DOC for Chaga’s (T. cruzi)

A

Nifurtimox

93
Q

Enzyme inhibited by Nifurtimox

A

Trypanothione reductase

94
Q

Leishmaniasis DOC except for India

A

Sodium Stibogluconate

95
Q

DOC for Leishmaniasis in India

A

Amphotericin B

96
Q

Common toxicity of Sodium Stibogluconate

A

T wave changes and QT prolongation

97
Q

Sodium Stibogluconate contains?

A

ANTIMONY

98
Q

Drugs for Nematodes

A 
Albendazole
DEC
Ivermectin 
Mebendaze
Pyrantel Pamoate

N ADIMP

99
Q

Drugs for Trematodes

A

Bithionol
Oxamniquine
Metrifonate
PRAZIQUANTEL

T BOMP

100
Q

Drugs for Cestodes

A

Niclosamide
Albendazole
Mebendazole
Praziquantel

C NAMP

101
Q

DOC for Nemathelminthes

A

Albendazole

102
Q

DOC for W. bancrofti and B. malayi

A

DEC

103
Q

DOC for Geo-Helminths

A

Mebendazole

104
Q

Unholy trinity of parasitic infections

A

Trichuris
Ascaris
Hookworms

105
Q

DOC for Trematodes and Cestodes

A

PRAZIQUANTEL

106
Q

DOC for Ascariasis

A

Albendazole

107
Q

DOC for Trichuriasis

A

Mebendazole

108
Q

“Dazoles” MOA

A

Inhibits Microtubule formation

109
Q

Ovicidal only

A

Mebendazole

110
Q

Ovicidal and Larvicidal

A

Albendazole

111
Q

Inhibits glucose uptake in Nematodes

A

Mebendazole

112
Q

Albendazole is the DOC of what other parasitic infections aside from Ascariasis?

A

Capillariasis
Ancylostoma
Necator
Hyatid Dse

113
Q

Mebendazole > Albendazole in toxicities

A

It is systemically absorbed

114
Q

Contraindications of Mebendazole

A

Pregnancy

115
Q

Alopecia is common toxicity of Mebendazole and Albendazole. What is the toxicity unique in Albendazole?

A

Bone Marrow Suppression

116
Q

DOC for Filariasis and Eye Worm Dse

A

DEC

117
Q

Common hypersensitivity reaction in DEC and Ivermectin

A

Mazotti

118
Q

Intensifies GABA in Nematodes

A

Ivermectin

119
Q

Parasitic infections in which IVERMECTIN is the DOC

A

Strongyloidiasis

Onchocerciasis

120
Q

Pyrantel Pamoate MOA

A

Stimulate Nicotinic receptors in the NMJ of Nematodes causing DEPOLARIZATION paralysis

121
Q

DOC for Enterobiasis

A

Pyrantel Pamoate

122
Q

DOC for Trichinosis

A

Thiabendazole

123
Q

Thiabendazole is back up for

A

Strongyloidiasis

124
Q

Praziquantel MOA

A

Increases membrane permeability to Calcium -> muscle paralysis -> vacuolization -> death

125
Q

Praziquantel is contraindicated in

A

Ocular cysticercosis

126
Q

Combined with Praziquantel in treating neurocystercosis

A

Corticosteroids

127
Q

DOC for E. granulosus

A

Albendazole

128
Q

Alternative for Taenia and Diphyllobothrium

A

Niclosamide

Pharma 4 (2 decks)

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