Pharmacology of Parasitoses Flashcards
1
Q
Protozoal diseases are less easily treated than bacterial infections. Why?
A
They are similar to us, EUKARYOTES
2
Q
Protozoal infection that causes congenital anomalies because it can cross the placental barrier?
A
Toxoplasma
3
Q
DOC Amoebiasis
A
Metronidazole
4
Q
Schizogony
A
Asexual
BLOOD and LIVER
5
Q
Gametogony
A
Asexual
BLOOD only
6
Q
Sporogony
A
Mosquito
7
Q
DOC for Tertian Malaria
A
Primaquine
8
Q
Tissue Schizonticide (Primaquine) acts on:
A
LIVER
9
Q
Hypnozoites is killed by
A
Tissue Schizonticides
10
Q
Chloroquine and Quinine are
A
Blood Schizonticides
11
Q
Aside from being a Tissue schizonticide, primaquine is also a
A
Gametocide
12
Q
Proguanil and Pyrimethamine are
A
Sporonticides
13
Q
Chloroquine MOA
A
Prevents Heme into Hemozoin (Blood)
14
Q
Toxicity of Chloroquine
A
Retinal damage
15
Q
Knowing the MOA of Chloroquine, it may?
A
Precipitate to Porphyria (Heme to hemozoin blockade)
16
Q
Most resistant species to Chloroquine
A
Falciparum
17
Q
2 drugs commonly used with Quinine to limit toxicities
A
Doxycycline
Clindamycin
18
Q
Most important parasitic infection
A
Malaria
19
Q
Quinine MOA
A
Blocks DNA replication and transcription
20
Q
Quinine common toxicities
A
Cinchonism
BLACKWATER FEVER
21
Q
Mefloquine > Quinine on pregnancy
A
Quinine has a potential to have an ABORTIFACIENT PROPERTY
22
Q
Severe complication of P. falciparum malaria
A
Blackwater fever
23
Q
Blackwater fever triad
A
Intravascular Hemolysis
Massive Hemoglobinuria
Acute Renal Failure
24
Q
Chloroquine-resistant Chemoprophylaxis
A
Mefloquine
25
Mefloquine is a
Blood Schizonticide
26
Most common side effects of Mefloquine
SKIN RASH
| Psychosis
27
Only Gametocide
Primaquine
28
Primaquine MOA
Cellular oxidants
29
Primaquine is both
Tissue Schizonticide
| Gametocide
30
Most common toxicity of Primaquine
Methemoglobinemia
31
Recommended usage of Primaquine
Take together with a BLOOD SCHIZONTICIDE
32
Kill HYPNOZOITES to prevent relapse
Radical Cure
33
Primaquine is also an alternative drug for
Pneumocystis
34
Drug for Vivax and Ovale
Chloroquine + Primaquine
35
Most common used in Chemoprophylaxis of Malaria
Atovaquone-Proguanil
36
Disrupts mitochondrial transport; blood an tissue schizonticide
Atovaquone
37
Inhibits folate synthesis; sporonticide
Proguanil
38
Common chemoprophylactic agent in multi-drug resistant
Doxycycline
39
Doxycycline is a
Blood Schizonticide
40
Toxicities seen in Doxycycline
TOOTH ENAMEL DYSPLASIA/DISCOLORATION and photosensitivity
41
Decrease in absorption of Doxycycline will happen in
Milk drinking
42
Contraindication of Doxycycline
Children and Pregnancy
43
Other indications of Doxycycline
Acne
44
Increase ICP effect of Doxycycline leads to
Pseudotumor cerebri
45
Alternative drug for intolerance of Doxycycline
Mefloquine
46
A Blood Schizonticide usually combined with Co Artem
Halofrantine
47
2 Drugs used for severe malaria
Quinine
| Halofrantine
48
Common toxicity of Halofrantine
PR and QT prolongation
49
Artemisinin is a
Blood Schizonticide
50
MOA of Artemisinin
FREE RADICALS on food vacuoles
51
DOC for uncomplicated malaria in the Phils
Artemisinin
52
Malarial Chemoprophylaxis usually last for
1 month
53
Most common intestinal site for Amoeba
Liver
54
Tissue Amebicides
Chloroquine
Emetine
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
T CEMT
55
Luminal Amebicides
Diloxanide furoate
Iodoquinol
Parmomycin
L DIP
56
DOC for Asymptomatic Amoebiasis
Diloxanide Furoate
57
DOC for Mild-Moderate Amoebiasis
Metronidazole + Luminal Agent
58
DOC for Both SEVERE and HEPATIC ABSCESS Amoebiasis
Metronidazole or Tinidazole + Luminal agent
59
For asymptotic carriers of CYSTS for E. histolytica
Diloxanide Furoate
60
A tissue amebicide which inhibits Protein Synthesis
Emetine
61
Most common toxicity of Emetine
Arrhythmias and CHF
62
Some common toxicities of this drug are THYROID ENLARGEMENT and NEUROTOXICITY
Iodoquinol
63
A luminal amebicide commonly combined with Metronidazole
Iodoquinol
64
MOA of metronidazole
Redox of Ferredoxin forming FREE RADICALS that disrupt the electron transport chain
65
Common toxicities of Metronidazole
Metallic taste, DARK URINE
66
Other parasitic uses of Metronidazole
Giardia, Trichomonas
67
Disulfiram-like reactions (seizures) is achieved by combining Metronidazole with
Alcohol
68
Where does Paromomycin bind to inhibit protein synthesis?
16s ribosomal subunit
69
DOC for Cryptosporidium
Nitazoxanide
70
Nitazoxanide have the same MOA with Metronidazole which is?
Redox of Ferredoxin to form FREE RADICALS that disrupts the electron transport chain
71
Contraindication of Nitazoxanide
Immunocompromised individuals
72
Undergoes Schizogony and Gametogony
Cryptosporidium parvum
73
C. parvum is an intestinal protozoa that inducea diarrhea via?
Auto infection
74
DOC for Pneumocystosis
Co-Trimoxazole
75
Co-Trimoxazole inhibits this 2 enzyme in folate synthesis
Dihyropteroate synthase- SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
| Dihydrofolate reductase - TRIMETHOPRIM
76
Co-Trimoxazole common toxicity
Kernicterus - Bilirubin Emcephalopathy
77
Co-trimoxazole Hypersensitivity rashes is in the form of?
Stephen-Johnson syndrome
78
First brain structure affected in Kernicterus
Basal Ganglia
79
Nasally administered
Pentamidine
80
DOC for Toxoplasmosis
Sulfadiazine-Pyrimethamine
81
Pyrimethamine-Sulfadiazine MOA
Dihydropteroate synthase- SULFADIAZINE
| Dihydrofolate reductase- PYRIMETHAMINE
82
Drug that induces Pseudomembranous colitis
Clindamycin
83
West African Early
Pentamidine
84
West African with CNS involvement
Eflornithine
85
East African Early
Suramin
86
East African with CNS involvement
Melarsoprol
87
Common indication of Pentamidine
Kala-Azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis)
88
Back up for Onchocerciasis
Suramin
89
Suramin toxicities
Paresthesias
Renal Abnormalities
Chronic Diarrhea
Agranulocytosis
90
Enzyme inhibited by Eflornithine
Ornithine decarboxylase
91
Organic Arsenical
Melarsoprol
92
DOC for Chaga's (T. cruzi)
Nifurtimox
93
Enzyme inhibited by Nifurtimox
Trypanothione reductase
94
Leishmaniasis DOC except for India
Sodium Stibogluconate
95
DOC for Leishmaniasis in India
Amphotericin B
96
Common toxicity of Sodium Stibogluconate
T wave changes and QT prolongation
97
Sodium Stibogluconate contains?
ANTIMONY
98
Drugs for Nematodes
```
Albendazole
DEC
Ivermectin
Mebendaze
Pyrantel Pamoate
```
N ADIMP
99
Drugs for Trematodes
Bithionol
Oxamniquine
Metrifonate
PRAZIQUANTEL
T BOMP
100
Drugs for Cestodes
Niclosamide
Albendazole
Mebendazole
Praziquantel
C NAMP
101
DOC for Nemathelminthes
Albendazole
102
DOC for W. bancrofti and B. malayi
DEC
103
DOC for Geo-Helminths
Mebendazole
104
Unholy trinity of parasitic infections
Trichuris
Ascaris
Hookworms
105
DOC for Trematodes and Cestodes
PRAZIQUANTEL
106
DOC for Ascariasis
Albendazole
107
DOC for Trichuriasis
Mebendazole
108
"Dazoles" MOA
Inhibits Microtubule formation
109
Ovicidal only
Mebendazole
110
Ovicidal and Larvicidal
Albendazole
111
Inhibits glucose uptake in Nematodes
Mebendazole
112
Albendazole is the DOC of what other parasitic infections aside from Ascariasis?
Capillariasis
Ancylostoma
Necator
Hyatid Dse
113
Mebendazole > Albendazole in toxicities
It is systemically absorbed
114
Contraindications of Mebendazole
Pregnancy
115
Alopecia is common toxicity of Mebendazole and Albendazole. What is the toxicity unique in Albendazole?
Bone Marrow Suppression
116
DOC for Filariasis and Eye Worm Dse
DEC
117
Common hypersensitivity reaction in DEC and Ivermectin
Mazotti
118
Intensifies GABA in Nematodes
Ivermectin
119
Parasitic infections in which IVERMECTIN is the DOC
Strongyloidiasis
| Onchocerciasis
120
Pyrantel Pamoate MOA
Stimulate Nicotinic receptors in the NMJ of Nematodes causing DEPOLARIZATION paralysis
121
DOC for Enterobiasis
Pyrantel Pamoate
122
DOC for Trichinosis
Thiabendazole
123
Thiabendazole is back up for
Strongyloidiasis
124
Praziquantel MOA
Increases membrane permeability to Calcium -> muscle paralysis -> vacuolization -> death
125
Praziquantel is contraindicated in
Ocular cysticercosis
126
Combined with Praziquantel in treating neurocystercosis
Corticosteroids
127
DOC for E. granulosus
Albendazole
128
Alternative for Taenia and Diphyllobothrium
Niclosamide
