Pharmacology of Inflammation and Immunosuppression

Question 1

Omalizumab

Answer 1

mAb against IgE, used to treat urticaria (exaggerated triple response) and allergic asthma. Acts to decrease mast cell degranulation.

Question 2

Sodium Cromoglycate

Answer 2

Reduces calcium influx into mast cells, prevents degranulation, eye drops for hay fever and used for mastocytosis, occasionally asthma.

Question 3

Salbutamol

Answer 3

Short-acting β2-adrenoreceptor agonist, used as needed in the treatment of asthma.

Question 4

Salmeterol

Answer 4

Long-acting β2-adrenoreceptor agonists, used prephylactically in the treatment of asthma.

Question 5

Theophylline

Answer 5

PDE-inhibitor producing increased cAMP, used prophylactically in the treatment of asthma.

Question 6

Loratadine

Answer 6

3rd generation anti-histamine (non-drowsy), used to treat hay fever and urticaria.

Question 7

Proglumide

Answer 7

CCK2 receptor antagonist that produces an inhibition of histamine release from ECL cells.

Question 8

Ranitidine

Answer 8

H2-receptor antagonist, used in the treatment of peptic ulcers .

Question 9

Omeprazole

Answer 9

Proton-pump inhibitor used in treatment of peptic ulcers.

Question 10

Arthrotec

Answer 10

Combination of misoprostel and diclofenac, used in chronic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis to prevent peptic ulcer formation.

Question 11

Icatibant

Answer 11

Bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of HAE.

Question 12

Tanezumab

Answer 12

mAb against NGF, in clinical trials for treating chronic inflammatory pain.

Question 13

Zafirlukast

Answer 13

CysLT1 receptor antagonist, use in treatment of asthma.

Question 14

Zileuton

Answer 14

5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, used in some countries for the treatment of asthma

Question 15

Ibuprofen

Answer 15

Non-selective COX inhibitor, used as analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory.

Question 16

Etoricoxib

Answer 16

COX-2 selective inhibitor, reserved for chronic inflammation in patients not thought to have a substantial cardiovascular risk.

Question 17

Naproxcinod

Answer 17

A combination of an NSAID and No donor

Question 18

Aspirin

Answer 18

Irreversible NSAID that is used additionally to lower the risk of platelet aggression

Question 19

Paracetemol

Answer 19

Analgesic/Antipyretic COX inhibitor that does not cause the anti-inflammatory actions of classical NSAIDs

Question 20

Ondansetron

Answer 20

5-HT3 receptor antagonist used to prevent and treat vomiting.

Question 21

Sumatriptan

Answer 21

5-HT1B/D/F agonist used in the treatment of migraine.

Question 22

Dexamethasone

Answer 22

Corticosteroid, binds to glucocorticoid receptors, used as anti-inflammatory and in immunosuppression.

Question 23

Methotrexate

Answer 23

Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor used as a DMARD in rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 24

Penicillamine

Answer 24

DMARD, may act by decreasing IL-1 and collagen synthesis

Question 25

Sodium aurothiomalate

Answer 25

DMARDs, work by largely unknown mechanisms

Question 26

Etanercept

Answer 26

Fusion peptide of the soluble TNFα receptor and IgG1 used in rheumatoid arthritis

Question 27

Adalimumab

Answer 27

Anti-TNFα mAb, used in rheumatoid arthritis

Question 28

Anakinra

Answer 28

Recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist used in rheumatoid arthritis

Question 29

Ciclosporin A

Answer 29

binds to CpN and inhibits IL-2 transcription, can be used as an immunosupressant

Question 30

Basilixmab

Answer 30

mAb against CD25 alpha subunit of the IL-2 receptor, used as immunosupressant.

Question 31

Azathioprine

Answer 31

Inhibits DNA synthesis incells lacking a nucleotide salvage pathway (b- and T-cells) used as an immunopressant

Question 32

Alemtuzumab

Answer 32

mAb, binds to CD52, used in treating chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma.