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Pharmacology FoM > Pharmacology of ANS 1 > Flashcards

Pharmacology of ANS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the nervous system?

A
  • Somatic nervous system

- Autonomic Nervous system

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2
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

Consists of peripheral nerves that send sensory information to the CNS and the motor fibres that project skeletal muscles

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3
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

Controls smooth muscle of the internal organs and glands

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4
Q

What is the significance of the autonomic nervous system?

A
  • Important as it controls many key bodily functions
  • Role in disease and modifying processes within the ANS, can be used to treat many diseases
  • Understanding side effects- number of drugs affect ANS and their side effects- can limit use of these drugs
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5
Q

What are the anatomic divisions of the nervous system?

A
  • Central nervous system: brain and spinal cord enclosed within dura mater
  • Peripheral nervous system- parts of nervous system outside duramater
  • Autonomic nervous system: controls visceral function
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6
Q

How does the ANS work?

A
  • Tissue is stimulates and sensory or afferent nerves of ANS triggered
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7
Q

What are the key features of the ANS?

A
  • 2 efferent neurons in series, pre and post ganglionic

- In contrast, SNS has single motor neuron connecting CNS and tissue

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8
Q

What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A
  • ANS divided into 3 main branches
  • Sympathetic- fight/flight
  • Parasympathetic- rest/digest
  • Enteric- GI tract, no CNS
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9
Q

Describe the anatomy of the ANS

A
  • Sympathetic- thoraco-lumbar- ganglia closer to CNS

- Parasympathetic- cranio-sacral, ganglia closer to tissue

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10
Q

Describe the action of the sympathetic nervous system

A

Multiple post-ganglionic neurons can be stimulated by the sympathetic output from thoracic region of CNS allowing multi-organ response

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11
Q

What are the effects of stimulating the sympathetic nervous system?

A
  • Heart rate increases
  • Blood vessels constrict (apart from muscles)
  • Pupil dilates
  • Salivary glands stimulates to secrete amylase
  • Liver starts gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
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12
Q

What are the effects of stimulating the parasymapthetic nervous system?

A
  • Heart rate decreases
  • No effect on blood vessels
  • Increase in GI motility and gastric acid secretion
  • Pupils constrict
  • Salivary glands secrete amylase
  • Liver and kidney unaffected
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13
Q

What things typically only have sympathetic innervation?

A
  • Sweat glands

- Blood vessels

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14
Q

What things typically only have parasympathetic innervation?

A
  • Bronchial smooth muscle

- Ciliary muscle

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15
Q

How does transmission occur at a ganglion?

A
  • Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter for both sympathetic and parasympathetic
  • ACh interacts with type 1 nicotinic receptors (ganglionic)
  • ACh released from pre-ganglionic neuron
  • Interacts with type 1 N receptors at post-ganglionic neuron
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16
Q

Describe nicotinic receptors

A
  • 5 units arranged to form a pore
  • N1- 2 alpha and 3 beta
  • N2- 2 alpha, 1 beta and 1 epsilon
  • Binding of 2 ACh molecules to alpha subunits opens pore and allows Na+ to flood into cell- Both receptors bind ACh but differ in other agonists that open pore
17
Q

Describe transmission at all parasympathetic post-ganglionic nerve endings

A
  • Signal is passed from ganglion to the motor endplate
  • ACh is released from the nerve endings
  • ACh interacts with muscarinic receptors in target tissue
18
Q

Describe the transmission at most sympathetic post-ganglionic nerve endings

A
  • Signal is passed from the ganglion to motor endplate
  • Noradrenaline is released from nerve endings
  • NA interacts with adrenergic receptors on target tissue
19
Q

What are the 2 exceptions of the sympathetic nervous system?

A
  • Sweat glands

- Adrenal medulla

20
Q

Describe the sympathetic nervous system transmission for sweat glands

A
  • Signal is passed from ganglion to motor endplate
  • ACh is released from nerve endings
  • ACh interacts with muscarinic receptors on sweat glands
    (ACh instead of NA and muscarinic instead of adrenergic)
21
Q

Describe the sympathetic nervous system transmission for adrenal medulla

A
  • No ganglionic efferent pathway
  • ACh released at endplate and ineracts with nicotinic N1 (ganglionic type) receptors
  • Adrenal medulla releases adrenaline and NA
22
Q

What type of receptors and neurotransmitter do preganglionic nerves in the parasympathetic system use?

A
  • ACh

- Nicotinic receptors

23
Q

What neurotransmitter and receptor do pre-ganglionic nerves in the sympathetic system use?

A
  • ACh

- Nicotinic receptors

24
Q

What neurotransmitter and receptor do post-ganglionic nerves in the parasympathetic system use?

A
  • ACh

- Muscarinic receptors

25
Q

What neurotransmitter and receptor do post-ganglionic nerves in the sympathetic system use?

A
  • NA

- Adrenergic receptors (except sweat glands and adrenal medulla)

Pharmacology FoM (12 decks)

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