Pharmacology Lesson 1

Question 1

1. What does ANS divide into?

Answer 1

Sympathetic (fight or flight) and Parasympathetic (rest and digest)

Question 2

What is found of axonal terminals that contains neurotransmitters?

Answer 2

Vesicles

Question 3

What is the gap between adjacent neurons called?

Answer 3

Synaptic cleft

Question 4

What is a synapse?

Answer 4

Junction between nerves

Question 5

What happens to the neurotransmitters after they’re released from the vesicles?

Answer 5

Neurotransmitter crosses over the synapse and binds with specific receptor

Question 6

How do drugs affect neurotransmitters?

Answer 6

Drugs act as neurotransmitters or they act by inhibiting the neurotransmitters.

Question 7

What are the most important neurotransmitters?

Answer 7

(DEANS LIST)

Dopamine
Epinephrine
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin

Question 8

What are two effects of neurotransmitters?

Answer 8

Inhibitory or Excitatory

Question 9

What does neuronal activity depend on?

Answer 9

Depends on excitation or inhibition at synapse

Question 10

What are the excitatory neurotransmitters?

Answer 10

EPI, Ach and NE

Question 11

What are the inhibitory neurotransmitters?

Answer 11

Dopamine, GABA and Serotonin

Question 12

What happens when excitatory neurotransmitters bind to receptors?

Answer 12

They stimulate nerve impulse

Question 13

What happens when inhibitory neurotransmitters bind to receptors?

Answer 13

They inhibit nerve impulse

Question 14

Name 3 types of receptors

Answer 14

Adrenergic, Dopaminergic, cholinergic

Question 15

Where are adrenergic receptors located?

Answer 15

Throughout the body

Question 16

What binds to adrenergic receptors?

Answer 16

Sympathetic neurotransmitters will bind to it.

NE and EPi

Question 17

What are adrenergic receptors subdivided into?

Answer 17

Alpha and Beta receptors

Question 18

What do alpha adrenergic receptors bind to?

Answer 18

NE

Question 19

What do beta adrenergic receptors bind to?

Answer 19

EPI

Question 20

What are beta adrenergic receptors located on?

Answer 20

Beta adrenergic receptors are located on postsynaptic effector cells

Question 21

Where is beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptor located?

Answer 21

Beta-1 : Primarily in heart

Beta-2 : Smooth muscle ( bronchioles, arterioles, visceral organs)

Question 22

What are adrenergic agonist? What do they act like?

Answer 22

Drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. They act like EPI & NE

Question 23

What are the predominant alpha adrenergic effects?

Answer 23

Vasoconstriction and CNS stimulation.

Question 24

What are the effects of beta adrenergic agonists?

Answer 24

Bronchial relaxation (bronchodialation)
GI smooth muscle relaxation
Uterine smooth muscle relaxation
Glycogenolysis
Cardiac stimulation

Question 25

Where are beta-1 adrenergic receptors located?

Answer 25

Myocardium AV node SA node

Question 26

What is the drug effect of beta-1 adrenergic receptors?

Answer 26

Cardiac stimulation

Question 27

What is the drug effect of beta-2 adrenergic receptors?

Answer 27

Bronchodilation (relaxation of the bronchi)

Question 28

How is cardiac stimulation affected by beta-1 adrenergic receptors?

Answer 28

Positive Inotropic (force of contraction), chronotropic (heart rate), and dromotropic (electric conduction) effects.

Question 29

Adrenergic blocking agents also known as _____ and ____.

Answer 29

Antagonists and sympatholytics

Question 30

What two neurotransmitters do adrenergic blocking agents lyse?

Answer 30

EPI and NE

Question 31

What neurotransmitter do cholinergic agonists act like?

Answer 31

Acetylcholine

Question 32

Are cholinergic agonists sympathomimetics or parasympathomimetics?

Answer 32

Parasympathomimetics

Question 33

What are the drugs that prevent acetylcholine from binding to cholinergic receptors called?

Answer 33

Anticholinergics AKA cholinergic blockers

Question 34

What are the drug effects of cholinergic agonists?

Answer 34

``` (SLUDGE) Salivation Lacrimation Urinary incontinence Diarrhea Gastrointestinal cramps Emesis ```

Question 35

Define Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer 35

Involuntary or visceral nervous system

Question 36

What are the functions of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

Answer 36

Regulate and integrate the body’s internal functions | Integrate parts of the CNS and PNS to react to changes in the internal and external environment

Question 37

List the body functions regulated by ANS

Answer 37

``` Blood pressure Heart Rate Respiration Body temperature Water balance Urinary excretion Digestive functions ```

Question 38

How do Sympathetic and Parasympathetic branches differ in 3 basic ways?

Answer 38

1) the location of the originating cells in the CNS 2) the location of the nerve ganglia 3) the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons