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Pharmacology > Pharmacology Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What does ANS divide into?
A

Sympathetic (fight or flight) and Parasympathetic (rest and digest)

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2
Q

What is found of axonal terminals that contains neurotransmitters?

A

Vesicles

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3
Q

What is the gap between adjacent neurons called?

A

Synaptic cleft

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4
Q

What is a synapse?

A

Junction between nerves

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5
Q

What happens to the neurotransmitters after they’re released from the vesicles?

A

Neurotransmitter crosses over the synapse and binds with specific receptor

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6
Q

How do drugs affect neurotransmitters?

A

Drugs act as neurotransmitters or they act by inhibiting the neurotransmitters.

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7
Q

What are the most important neurotransmitters?

A

(DEANS LIST)

Dopamine
Epinephrine
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
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8
Q

What are two effects of neurotransmitters?

A

Inhibitory or Excitatory

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9
Q

What does neuronal activity depend on?

A

Depends on excitation or inhibition at synapse

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10
Q

What are the excitatory neurotransmitters?

A

EPI, Ach and NE

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11
Q

What are the inhibitory neurotransmitters?

A

Dopamine, GABA and Serotonin

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12
Q

What happens when excitatory neurotransmitters bind to receptors?

A

They stimulate nerve impulse

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13
Q

What happens when inhibitory neurotransmitters bind to receptors?

A

They inhibit nerve impulse

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14
Q

Name 3 types of receptors

A

Adrenergic, Dopaminergic, cholinergic

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15
Q

Where are adrenergic receptors located?

A

Throughout the body

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16
Q

What binds to adrenergic receptors?

A

Sympathetic neurotransmitters will bind to it.

NE and EPi

17
Q

What are adrenergic receptors subdivided into?

A

Alpha and Beta receptors

18
Q

What do alpha adrenergic receptors bind to?

A

NE

19
Q

What do beta adrenergic receptors bind to?

A

EPI

20
Q

What are beta adrenergic receptors located on?

A

Beta adrenergic receptors are located on postsynaptic effector cells

21
Q

Where is beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptor located?

A

Beta-1 : Primarily in heart

Beta-2 : Smooth muscle ( bronchioles, arterioles, visceral organs)

22
Q

What are adrenergic agonist? What do they act like?

A

Drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. They act like EPI & NE

23
Q

What are the predominant alpha adrenergic effects?

A

Vasoconstriction and CNS stimulation.

24
Q

What are the effects of beta adrenergic agonists?

A 
Bronchial relaxation (bronchodialation)
GI smooth muscle relaxation
Uterine smooth muscle relaxation
Glycogenolysis
Cardiac stimulation
25
Q

Where are beta-1 adrenergic receptors located?

A

Myocardium
AV node
SA node

26
Q

What is the drug effect of beta-1 adrenergic receptors?

A

Cardiac stimulation

27
Q

What is the drug effect of beta-2 adrenergic receptors?

A

Bronchodilation (relaxation of the bronchi)

28
Q

How is cardiac stimulation affected by beta-1 adrenergic receptors?

A

Positive Inotropic (force of contraction), chronotropic (heart rate), and dromotropic (electric conduction) effects.

29
Q

Adrenergic blocking agents also known as _____ and ____.

A

Antagonists and sympatholytics

30
Q

What two neurotransmitters do adrenergic blocking agents lyse?

A

EPI and NE

31
Q

What neurotransmitter do cholinergic agonists act like?

A

Acetylcholine

32
Q

Are cholinergic agonists sympathomimetics or parasympathomimetics?

A

Parasympathomimetics

33
Q

What are the drugs that prevent acetylcholine from binding to cholinergic receptors called?

A

Anticholinergics AKA cholinergic blockers

34
Q

What are the drug effects of cholinergic agonists?

A 
(SLUDGE)
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urinary incontinence
Diarrhea
Gastrointestinal cramps 
Emesis
35
Q

Define Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

Involuntary or visceral nervous system

36
Q

What are the functions of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

A

Regulate and integrate the body’s internal functions

Integrate parts of the CNS and PNS to react to changes in the internal and external environment

37
Q

List the body functions regulated by ANS

A 
Blood pressure
Heart Rate
Respiration
Body temperature
Water balance
Urinary excretion
Digestive functions
38
Q

How do Sympathetic and Parasympathetic branches differ in 3 basic ways?

A

1) the location of the originating cells in the CNS
2) the location of the nerve ganglia
3) the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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