Pharmacology Lesson 1 Flashcards
- What does ANS divide into?
Sympathetic (fight or flight) and Parasympathetic (rest and digest)
What is found of axonal terminals that contains neurotransmitters?
Vesicles
What is the gap between adjacent neurons called?
Synaptic cleft
What is a synapse?
Junction between nerves
What happens to the neurotransmitters after they’re released from the vesicles?
Neurotransmitter crosses over the synapse and binds with specific receptor
How do drugs affect neurotransmitters?
Drugs act as neurotransmitters or they act by inhibiting the neurotransmitters.
What are the most important neurotransmitters?
(DEANS LIST)
Dopamine Epinephrine Acetylcholine Norepinephrine Serotonin
What are two effects of neurotransmitters?
Inhibitory or Excitatory
What does neuronal activity depend on?
Depends on excitation or inhibition at synapse
What are the excitatory neurotransmitters?
EPI, Ach and NE
What are the inhibitory neurotransmitters?
Dopamine, GABA and Serotonin
What happens when excitatory neurotransmitters bind to receptors?
They stimulate nerve impulse
What happens when inhibitory neurotransmitters bind to receptors?
They inhibit nerve impulse
Name 3 types of receptors
Adrenergic, Dopaminergic, cholinergic
Where are adrenergic receptors located?
Throughout the body
What binds to adrenergic receptors?
Sympathetic neurotransmitters will bind to it.
NE and EPi
What are adrenergic receptors subdivided into?
Alpha and Beta receptors
What do alpha adrenergic receptors bind to?
NE
What do beta adrenergic receptors bind to?
EPI
What are beta adrenergic receptors located on?
Beta adrenergic receptors are located on postsynaptic effector cells
Where is beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptor located?
Beta-1 : Primarily in heart
Beta-2 : Smooth muscle ( bronchioles, arterioles, visceral organs)
What are adrenergic agonist? What do they act like?
Drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. They act like EPI & NE
What are the predominant alpha adrenergic effects?
Vasoconstriction and CNS stimulation.
What are the effects of beta adrenergic agonists?
Bronchial relaxation (bronchodialation) GI smooth muscle relaxation Uterine smooth muscle relaxation Glycogenolysis Cardiac stimulation
Where are beta-1 adrenergic receptors located?
Myocardium
AV node
SA node
What is the drug effect of beta-1 adrenergic receptors?
Cardiac stimulation
What is the drug effect of beta-2 adrenergic receptors?
Bronchodilation (relaxation of the bronchi)
How is cardiac stimulation affected by beta-1 adrenergic receptors?
Positive Inotropic (force of contraction), chronotropic (heart rate), and dromotropic (electric conduction) effects.
Adrenergic blocking agents also known as _____ and ____.
Antagonists and sympatholytics
What two neurotransmitters do adrenergic blocking agents lyse?
EPI and NE
What neurotransmitter do cholinergic agonists act like?
Acetylcholine
Are cholinergic agonists sympathomimetics or parasympathomimetics?
Parasympathomimetics
What are the drugs that prevent acetylcholine from binding to cholinergic receptors called?
Anticholinergics AKA cholinergic blockers
What are the drug effects of cholinergic agonists?
(SLUDGE) Salivation Lacrimation Urinary incontinence Diarrhea Gastrointestinal cramps Emesis
Define Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Involuntary or visceral nervous system
What are the functions of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?
Regulate and integrate the body’s internal functions
Integrate parts of the CNS and PNS to react to changes in the internal and external environment
List the body functions regulated by ANS
Blood pressure Heart Rate Respiration Body temperature Water balance Urinary excretion Digestive functions
How do Sympathetic and Parasympathetic branches differ in 3 basic ways?
1) the location of the originating cells in the CNS
2) the location of the nerve ganglia
3) the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons
