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Penn Foster Pharmacology > Pharmacology Keywords > Flashcards

Pharmacology Keywords Flashcards

1
Q

Indication

A

Reason for giving a drug to a patient

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2
Q

Contraindications

A

Reasons to not give a drug to a patient

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3
Q

VCPR

A

Veterinary-Client-Patient Relationship
Veterinarian: assumes responsibility for clinical judgements, provides follow-up, has knowledge of patient’s issues & medical history
Client: agrees to follow veterinarian instruction

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4
Q

Regimen

A

Plan for administering drugs
Placed on medication label, including
Kind of drug, route of administration, dose of drug, frequency of administration, duration of administration (how long to give drug)

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5
Q

s.i.d.

A

1 time per day

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6
Q

b.i.d.

A

2 times per day

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7
Q

t.i.d.

A

3 times per day

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8
Q

q.i.d.

A

4 times per day

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9
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Complex series of events occurring after administration of a drug
Influenced by many factors, including route of administration

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10
Q

PO

A

Oral route, administered by mouth
Not recommended in cases of vomiting
Some taste horrible & may need alternative routes of administration

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11
Q

IV

A

Intravenous, administered directly into a vein
Nearly immediate effects
Short duration of action

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12
Q

IM

A

Intramuscular, administered directly into a muscle
Sometimes painful
Absorbed slower than IV, quicker than SC

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13
Q

SQ, SC

A

Subcutaneous, administered directly underneath the skin
Absorbed slowly
Longer duration of action

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14
Q

ID

A

Intradermal, administered into the skin
Used for allergy testing

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15
Q

IP

A

Intraperitoneal, injected into abdominal cavity

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16
Q

IA

A

Intraarterial, administered directly into an artery

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17
Q

Intaarticular

A

Administered directly into a joint

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18
Q

IC

A

Intracardiac, administered directly into the heart
Often used for difficult euthanasia or cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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19
Q

Intramedullary

A

Injected directly into bone marrow cavity

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20
Q

Epidural

A

Administered into the spine

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21
Q

Subdural

A

Administered near the spine

22
Q

CPR

A

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

23
Q

Nebulizer

A

Medication inhaled as a fine mist
Often antibiotics or bronchodilators

24
Q

Metered-Dose Inhaler

A

Medication administered as a fine mist
Hand-held device placed over patient’s mouth & nose

25
Q

Anesthetic Gases

A

Anesthetic medications that are inhaled as a fine mist

26
Q

Transdermal, Topical

A

Medications placed on skin to be absorbed
Slow absorption over time
Gloves should always be worn

27
Q

Concentration Gradient

A

Movement of molecules from an area with a lot of the molecules to an area with fewer of the molecules

28
Q

Bioavailability

A

Amount of medication absorbed & available to the patient

29
Q

Water-Soluble Drugs

A

Medications that breakdown within water
Tend to stay in bloodstream
Bind to proteins or free float

30
Q

Lipid-Soluble Drugs

A

Medications that breakdown in fats
Tend to move out of bloodstream, into interstitial fluid
Storage sites: fat, liver, kidneys, bone

31
Q

Blood-Brain Barrier

A

Barrier filtering spinal fluid or blood entering the brain tissues
Can interfere with some medication’s absorption

32
Q

Placenta

A

Organ connecting growing fetus to mother’s uterus
Can interfere with some medication’s absorption

33
Q

Drug Excretion

A

Medication’s elimination from the body
Via kidneys - urine
Via liver - bile
Via mammary glands - milk
Via lungs, GI tract, sweat glands, saliva

34
Q

Residue

A

Medications taken by an animal that are still present in animal’s meat or milk product

35
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Study of a medicine’s mechanism of action

36
Q

Mechanism of Action

A

How a medication effects the physiology of the patient
Medications may combine with parts of body cells to change cell function
Medications may increase or decrease activity of certain cells or tissues

37
Q

Efficacy

A

Degree to which a medication produces the desired effect
Once the efficacy level is reached, giving more of the medication will not improve effects

38
Q

Potency

A

Amount of drug needed to produce desired effect
Represented on dose-response curve

39
Q

LD50

A

Lethal dose 50
Amount of medication that is deadly in 50% of patients given the medication

40
Q

ED50

A

Effective dose 50
Amount of medication that produces desired effect in 50% of patients given the medication

41
Q

Therapeutic Index

A

LD50 ÷ ED50 = Therapeutic Index

42
Q

Adverse Drug Reaction

A

Any undesired reaction to a medication

43
Q

Formulary

A

Book containing drug dosages & adverse reaction lists

44
Q

EPA

A

Environmental Protection Agency
Regulates development & approval of animal topical pesticides

45
Q

DEA

A

Drug Enforcement Agency
Concerned with regulation of substances with potential for human abuse

46
Q

USDA

A

United States Department of Agriculture
Regulates development & approval of biological medical products
I.e. vaccines, serums, antitoxins

47
Q

AMDUCA

A

Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act
Permits extra label use of approved drugs under certain conditions

48
Q

6 Rights of Drug Administration

A

Right patient
Right drug
Right dose
Right route
Right time, frequency
Right documentation

49
Q

Oral Medication Forms

A

Tablets, suspensions, capsules

50
Q

Emulsion

A

Milky solution containing a medication
Must be shaken

51
Q

Elixir

A

Compound liquid medication held in solution by alcohol
Contains flavoring & sweetener to mask medication’s flavor

52
Q

Endotracheal Tube

A

Tube placed into trachea for controlled ventilation
For use with anesthesia machines

Penn Foster Pharmacology (2 decks)

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