Pharmacology: Katzung Adrenoreceptor blockers

Question 1

To what class of drugs do Phentolamine and Phenoxybenzamine belong to?

Answer 1

They are both non-selective alpha blockers,

Question 2

What is the mechanism of action for phentolamine?

Answer 2

competitive alpha receptor antagonism

Question 3

What are the clinical uses for phentolamine?

Answer 3

(1) pheochromocytoma

(2) antidote to overdose of alpha agonists.

Question 4

What are the adverse effects associated with phentolamine?

Answer 4

(1) orthostatic hypotension (due to vasodilation)

(2) reflex tachycardia

Question 5

What is the mechanism of action for phenoxybenzamine?

Answer 5

irreversibel antagoinism of alpha receptors

Question 6

What are the clinical uses for phenoxybenzamine?

Answer 6

(1) pheochromocytoma
(2) carcinoid (blocks serotonin receptors)
(3) mastocytosis (blocks histamine receptors)
(4) Raynaud’s phenomenon

Question 7

What are the toxicities associated with phenoxybenzamine?

Answer 7

(1) orthostatic hypotension
(2) reflex tachycardia
(3) GI irritation

Question 8

To what class of drugs do Prazosin, Doxazosin, terazosin, Tamsulosin, and Silodosin belong to?

Answer 8

They are selective alpha 1 blockers.

Question 9

What is the mechanism of action for prazosin?

Answer 9

Prazosin is a competitive antagonist of alpha 1 receptors

Question 10

What are the clinical uses for prazosin?

Answer 10

(1) hypertension

2) benign prostatic hyperplasia (prevent hesitancy

Question 11

What are the adverse effects associated with prazosin?

Answer 11

(1) orthostatic hypertension (especially on first dose)(therefore take before bed)
(2) very little reflex tachycardia

Question 12

What differentiates Doxazosin and terazosin from prazosin?

Answer 12

Doxazosin, and terazosin have a longer duration of action.

Question 13

What differentiates Tamsulosin, and silodosin from prazosin?

Answer 13

Tamsulosin and silodosin are only approved for the treatment of BPH.

Question 14

What class of drugs does Yohmbine belong to ?

Answer 14

Yohimbine is a selective alpha 2 blocker.

Question 15

What are the clinical uses for Yohimbine?

Answer 15

Yohimbine is obsolete for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.

Question 16

What are some adverse effects associated with Yohimbine?

Answer 16

(1) tachycardia

(2) GI upset.

Question 17

To what class of drugs do Propranolol, Timolol, Betaxolol, Pindolol, and nadolol belong to?

Answer 17

They are all Non-selective beta blockers

Question 18

What is the mechanims of action for proranolol?

Answer 18

Propranolol is a competitive antagonist of beta receptors.

Question 19

What are the clinical uses for propranolol?

Answer 19

(1) Angina
(2) Arrythmias
(3) Hypertension
(4) tremor
(5) stage fright
(6) migraine
Can work as a local anesthetic

Question 20

What adverse effects are associated with propranolol?

Answer 20

(1) bronchospasm
(2) AV block
(3) heart failure
(4) CNS sedation
(5) lethargy
(6) Sleep disturbances.

Question 21

What differentiates timolol, and betaxolol from propranolol?

Answer 21

Timolol and betaxolol lack anesthetic action and are useful in glaucoma.

Question 22

What differentiates pindolol and acebutolol from propranolol?

Answer 22

pindolol is a partial agonist and is possibly safer for use with asthma. (less likely to cause bronchospasm)

Question 23

What differentiates Nadolol from propranolol?

Answer 23

Nadolol is longer acting and has less CNS effect than propranolol.

Question 24

To what class of drugs do atenolol, Esmolol, metoprolol, acebutolol, and Nebivolol belong to?

Answer 24

They are selective beta 1 blockers

Question 25

What is the mechanism of action for atenolol?

Answer 25

Atenolol is a competitive beta 1 blocker

Question 26

What are the clinical uses for atenolol?

Answer 26

(1) hypertension
(2) angina
(3) arrythmias

Question 27

What are the adverse effects associated with atenolol?

Answer 27

(1) bronchospasm (less than propranolol)
(2) AV block
(3) heart failure
(4) CNS sedation
(5) lethargy
(6) Sleep disturbances.

Question 28

What is esmolol used for?

Answer 28

Esmolol is used for perioperative and thyroid storm arrythmias and hypertensive emergencies.

Question 29

What is the metoprolol used for?

Answer 29

Similar to atenolol reduces mortality in heart failure.

Question 30

What is unique about nebivolol?

Answer 30

Nebivolol is a new oral beta 1 selective blocker with additional vasodilatory action.

Question 31

To what class of drugs does Butoxamine belong to?

Answer 31

butoxamine is a beta 2 selective blocker

Question 32

What are the clinical uses and adverse affects associated with butoxamine?

Answer 32

butoxamine is only used for research and is known to cause bronchospasm

Question 33

To what class of drugs do Labetalol and carvedilol belong to?

Answer 33

They are alpha and beta blockers

Question 34

What is the mechanism of action for Labetalol?

Answer 34

Labetalol binds and blocks both alpha and beta receptors.

Question 35

What are the clinical uses for Labetalol?

Answer 35

(1) Hypertension

2) hypertensive emergencies (IV

Question 36

What are the adverse effects associated with labetalol?

Answer 36

Similar to atenolol

1) bronchospasm (less than propranolol)
(2) AV block
(3) heart failure
(4) CNS sedation
(5) lethargy
(6) Sleep disturbances.

Question 37

What is Carvedilol used for?

Answer 37

Like labetalol carvedilol reduces mortality in heart failure.

Question 38

What is the longest acting beta blocker?

Answer 38

Nadolol