Pharmacology In The Elderly

Question 1

What is the main reason that elderly patients are more prone to drug toxicity?

Answer 1

Reduced renal function means there is reduced renal clearance of drugs, leading to accumulation and adverse events.

Question 2

Why should co-prescribing NSAIDs and ACEi be avoided in the elderly?

Answer 2

Their combined effects on renal cortical perfusion and function can have adverse effects on renal function.

Question 3

Name 3 classes of drugs that have been found to increase the risk of falls in the elderly.

Answer 3

Benzodiazepines
Antidepressants
Drugs that can cause postural hypotension e.g. alpha blockers

Question 4

Which medications should be used with particular care in the elderly?

Answer 4

Nephrotoxic drugs - NSAIDs, ACEi, aminoglycosides
Digoxin (renally excreted with narrow therapeutic index)
Drugs associated with falls risk e.g. alpha blockers, benzodiazepines, antidepressants

Question 5

Name a stimulant laxative.

Answer 5

Senna

Question 6

Name an osmotic laxative

Answer 6

Lactulose

Question 7

Name a bulk-forming laxative.

Answer 7

Fybogel