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Pharmacology Summer '22 > Pharmacology In Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pharmacology In Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Preterm or premature

A

<36 week gestational age

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2
Q

Neonate

A

<30 days old

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3
Q

Infant

A

Age 1 month until 1 year old

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4
Q

Child

A

Age 1 until 12 yr old

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5
Q

Adolescent

A

Age 12-18

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6
Q

Drug ____ is related to gastric acidity, gastric emptying time, GI motility, pancreatic enzyme activity, GI surface area, and skin permeability

A

Durg absorption

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7
Q

Drug distribution is related to

A

The blood brain barrier and plasma proteins

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8
Q

Drug metabolism is related to

A

The liver

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9
Q

Drug elimination is related to

A

Renal blood flow
Glomerular filtration
Tubular function

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10
Q

In premature neonates, gastric acidity is

A

Lessened

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11
Q

In premature neonates, gastric emptying time is

A

Slower

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12
Q

In premature neonates GI motility is

A

Lower

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13
Q

In premature neonates pancreatic enzyme activity is

A

MUCH lower

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14
Q

In premature neonates, GI surface are is

A

Greater

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15
Q

In premature neonates skin permeability is

A

MUCH higher

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16
Q

In premature neonates, there is a ______ distribution across the blood brain barrier

A

Increased

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17
Q

In the premature neonate, the number of plasma proteins is

A

Decreased

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18
Q

In the premature neonate liver metabolism

A

Is lower, with a decrease in bile acid synthesis

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19
Q

In premature neonates, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration and tubular function is…

A

Lessened

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20
Q

In neonates, gastric acidity, gastric emptying time, GI motility and pancreatic enzyme activity are ___

A

Lower

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21
Q

In neonates, GI surface area and skin permeability are

A

Greater

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22
Q

In neonates, the blood brain barrier is

A

Less developed

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23
Q

In neonates, plasma proteins are

A

Less present

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24
Q

In neonates, drug metabolism in the liver is

A

Lower

25
Q

In neonates, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and tubular function are

A

Lower

26
Q

In infants, gastric acidity is

A

Less

27
Q

In infants, gastric emptying time is

A

Equal

28
Q

In infants, GI motility is

A

Lower

29
Q

In infants, pancreatic enzyme activity is

A

Lower

30
Q

In infants, GI surface area is

A

Greater

31
Q

In infants, skin permeability is

A

Equal

32
Q

In infants, distribution across the blood brain barrier is

A

The same

33
Q

In infants, the amount of plasma proteins is

A

The same

34
Q

In infants, liver metabolism is

A

Less than

35
Q

In infants, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration and tubular function are

A

Lower than

36
Q

In children, gastric acidity is

A

The same

37
Q

In children, gastric emptying time is

A

The same

38
Q

In children, GI motility is

A

the same

39
Q

In children, pancreatic enzyme activity is

A

Equal to

40
Q

In children, GI surface area is

A

Greater than

41
Q

In children, skin permeability is

A

Equal to

42
Q

In children, distribution accross the blood brain barrier is

A

Equal

43
Q

In children, the amount of plasma proteins is

A

equal

44
Q

In children, metabolism by the liver is

A

equal or greater

45
Q

In children, elimination by the kidney is

A

the same

46
Q

In the adolescent, drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination is

A

equal; closely monitor during this time

47
Q

In rectal absorption, _____ is avoided because the drug is absorbed by the _____ which are not a part of

A

first-pass hepatic elimination
hemorrhoidal veins
which are not part of the portal circulation

48
Q

Pulmonary absorption and drug delivery are ____ in infants and children because ____

A

decreased

infants and children have lower tidal volumes and increased respiratory rates (especially when crying)

49
Q

Metabolic enzymes that have been identified as important in human drug metabolism, include

A 
cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) 
CYP1
CYP2
and 
CYP3 families
pronounced "sip"
50
Q

Codeine is metabolized to ____ via the enzyme ____

A

morphine

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)

51
Q

Ultrarapid metabolizers of ____ are at risk of high levels of morphine after the metabolism of ___

A

cytochrome p450 2D6 (CYP2D6)

Codeine

52
Q

The enzyme ____ metabolizes caffeine and theophylline

A

CYP1A2

Cytochrome P4520 1A2

53
Q

CYP1A2, responsible for the metabolism of __________, is _____ at birth

A

caffeine and theophylline

reduced

54
Q

Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) is ____ at birth, reaches adult levels at ___, and ____ throughout childhood. Therefore, when prescribing theophylline to neonates, ____ doses administered___ frequently than in older infants and children.

A 
reduced
4 months
exceeds adult levels
lower doses 
less frequently
55
Q

In adults, acetaminophen (Tylenol) is a substrate for ____

A

glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 and 1A9

56
Q

In adults, acetaminophen is metabolized by a _____ reaction

A

by a phase II glucuronidation reaction

57
Q

phase II biotransformation reactions ___

A

produce a much more water-soluble compound that can be excreted more easily

58
Q

phase I biotransformation reactions

A

modifies a compound to reveal a reactive group to which a conjugation molecule can react

Pharmacology Summer '22 (9 decks)

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