Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Comprehensive Exam > Pharmacology II > Flashcards

Pharmacology II Flashcards

1
Q

Alpha Blockers

[side effects]

A

miosis

nasal stuffiness

dry skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

non-selective alpha antagonist

[treatment]

A

pheochromocytoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

non-selective alpha antagonist

[examples]

A

phenoxybenzamine

phentolamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

non-competitive

irreversible (alkylation)

long-acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Phentolamine

A

competitive

reversible

short-acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

alpha-1 antagonist

[examples]

A

prazosin

terazosin

tamsulosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Prazosin

A

(minipress)

oral PO taken at home

  • treatment for hypertension, CHF, angina, and Raynauds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Terazosin

A

(Hytrin)

less tachy and longer acting than Prazosin

  • treats BPH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Beta blockers

[caution use in these patients]

A

asthmatics

diabetics

high cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Beta-1

[effects]

A

cardiac inotropy and chronotropy

renin release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Beta-2

[effects]

A

bronchial smooth msucle

uterine relaxation

lipolysis

insulin release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Beta-3

[targets]

A

gallbladder

brain

brown adipose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treatment for beta-blocker toxicity

A

atropine

isoproterenol or dobutamine

glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

non-selective Beta antagonists

[examples]

A

propranolol

timolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Propranolol

A

first beta blocker

highly protein bound

blocks clearance of amide LAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Timolol

[treatment]

A

glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

non-selective beta and alpha antagonist

[examples]

A

labetalol and carvedilol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Carvedilol

[treatment]

A

hypertension

congestive heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

labetalol

[preference for Beta]

A

7:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Beta-1 antagonist

[examples]

A

esmolol

bisproprolol

metoprolol

atenolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Most selective Beta-1 antagonist

A

atenolol

for patietns with CAD and MI risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

esmolol

[metabolism]

A

plasma esterase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a.k.a. unstable angina

A

prinzmetal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Alpha-2 agonists

[examples]

A

clonidine

dexmedetomidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Clonidine

A

partial alpha-2 agonist

  • long-acting
  • decreases SNS outflow
  • decreases MAC by 50%
  • rebound HTN if stopped
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Dexmedetomidine

A

full alpha-2 agonist

  • short-acting
  • decreases MAC by 90%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

ACE inhibitors

A
  • hypertension, CHF, and mitral regurge
  • safer for diabetics
  • K+ sparing
  • inhibits breakdown of bradykinin (cough)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

ARBs

A

-sartan

  • AT-1 receptor only
  • safest for diabetics
  • unopposed AT-2 vasodilation effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

sodium nitroprusside

[side effects]

A

coronary steal

reflex-tachy

cyanide toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Sodium Nitroprusside

A

venous and arterial relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Nitroglycerine

A

venous dilation

  • may cause MetHb
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Hydralazine

A

direct arterial vasodilator

  • decreases diastolic more than systolic
  • arteriole dilation through decreasing Ca2+
  • reflex tachy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Class 1A antiarrhythmics

A

sodium channel blockers

slows conduction/depolarization

lengthens AP and refractory period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Class 1A

[examples]

A

quinidine

procainamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Quinidine

A

SVTs, PVCs, a-fib, and WPW

  • small therapeutic window
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Procainamide

A

V-tach and PVCs

(not SVT)

  • NAPA metabolite causing Lupus-like effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

which anti-arrhythmic group has a risk of QT prolongation and torsades?

A

Class 1A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Class 1B Anti-arrhythmic

A

sodium channel blockers

less powerful with no Torsades risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Class 1B Anti-arrhythmic

[examples]

A

lidocaine

phenytoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Lidocaine

[Anti-arrhythmic]

A

re-entry mechanisms (v-tach and PVCs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Phenytoin

A

(dilantin)

  • for digitalis toxicity
  • shortens QT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Class 2 Anti-arrhythmic

A

beta blockers

slows AV node and phase 4 depolarization

43
Q

Class 2 Anti-arrhythmic

[examples]

A

esmolol and propranolol

44
Q

Class 3 Anti-arrhythmic

A

Potassium channel blocker

prolongs repolarization and refractory period

45
Q

Class 3 Anti-arrhythmic

[example]

A

amiodarone

46
Q

Amiodarone

A

properties of all 4 classes of anti-arrhythmic

  • only drug that prevents arrhythmias
47
Q

Class 4 Anti-arrhythmic

A

calcium channel blockers

48
Q

Class 4 Anti-arrhythmic

[examples]

A

diltiazem

verapamil

Nifedipine, nicardipine, and nimodipine

49
Q

Diltiazem

A

AV node selective

also acts on Na/K pump

50
Q

Verapamil

A

good for SVT and angina pectoris

  • can trigger WPW
  • AV node selective
51
Q

Nifedipine

A

feeds coronary arteries

coronary artery vasospasm

52
Q

Nicardipine

A

most cardiovascular vasodilation

tocolytic and uterine vasodilator

53
Q

Nimodipine

A

best for cerebral vasospasms

CNS vessel dilation

54
Q

Digoxin

A

slows conduction

treatment for A-fib

55
Q

Adenosine

A

increases K+ currents and shortens AP

56
Q

local anesthetic

[potency determinant]

A

lipid solubility

57
Q

local anesthetic

[onset determinant]

A

pka concentration

hydrophobicity

58
Q

local anesthetic

[absorption toxicity risk]

A

IV

tracheal

intercostal

caudal

epidural

branchial pleuxs

subarachnoid

sciatic

SQ

59
Q

Epi decreases systemic absorption of LA by ______

A

20 - 30%

60
Q

which two LAs can cause MetHb

A

benzocaine

prilocaine

61
Q

BUN may be increased by ___ LA

A

ester

62
Q

EMLA

A

lidocaine and prilocaine

63
Q

Bezold-Jerish Reflex

A

SNS depression

brady (T1-T4)

hypotension

64
Q

Extrinsic factors

A

tissue factor

VII

65
Q

Intrinsic factors

A

VIII, IX, and XI

66
Q

Heparin

A

binds anti-thrombin

  • monitor aPTT and ACT
67
Q

HIT

[treatment]

A

argatroban

or

lepirudin

68
Q

Lovenox

A

low molecular weight heparin

  • Anti-xa
69
Q

Coumadin

A
  • PT and INR
  • reversed with Vitamin K and FFP
70
Q

Protamine

A

alkaline

reverses Heparin

71
Q

Thrombolytic drug

[examples]

A

streptokinase

alteplase

72
Q

Antifibrinolytic

[examples]

A

aminocaproic acid

tranexamic acid

73
Q

platelet inhibitors

A

aspirin

clopidogrel

prasugrel

ticagrelor

Abciximab

74
Q

Thienopyridines

A

inihibit platelet activation

  • clopidogrel
  • prasugrel
  • ticagrelor
75
Q

Abciximab

A

IIb/IIIa inhibitor

76
Q

Factor Xa inhibitor

[examples]

A

fondaparinux

xarelto

77
Q

Glycopeptide

A

vancomycin

78
Q

Aminoglyocside

[example]

A

gentamicin

79
Q

Lincosamides

[example]

A

clindamycin

80
Q

A1C

A

blood sugar for 3 month period

  • normal 7% or 154 mg/dL
81
Q

only insulin that can be given IV

A

humulin

can be absorbed in to tubing

82
Q

HumaLog

A

(LisPro)

faster onset and peak time

83
Q

Intermediate-acting Insulin

A

NPH

Neutral Protamine Hagedorn

84
Q

Long-acting insluin

A

lantus

(glargine insulin)

85
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

stiulate insuline release and sensitivity

  • glipizide
  • tolbutamide
86
Q

Repaglinide

A

fast-acting

(meglinitides)

87
Q

Biguanidies

A

blocks glucose production in liver
, glucose uptake, and sensitivity to insulin

  • Hypoglycemia not a risk
  • Example: Metformin
88
Q

Thiazolidinediones

A

increases insulin sensitivity only

  • Avandia and actos
  • hypoglycemia not a risk
89
Q

a-Glucosidase Inhibitors

A

slows carb digestion and absorption

  • acarbose
  • migitol
  • not at risk for hypoglycemia
90
Q

Somatostatin

[example]

A

octreotide

91
Q

Octreotide

A

suppresses carcinoid tumor growth

92
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones

A

vasopressin and oxytocin

93
Q

H-1 Antagonist

[examples]

A

diphenhydramine

promethazine (phenergan)

loratadine (claritin)

acrivastine (semprex)

azelastine (astepro)

94
Q

1st generation H-1 antagonists

A

sedation and anti-emetic

Diphenydramine and Promethazine

95
Q

H-2 Antagonists

A

selective and reversible

  • Rantidine, famotidine, and Nizatidine
96
Q

Drugs that induce histamine release

A

morphine

atracurium

mivacurium

protamine

97
Q

H+ pump inhibitors

A

-prazoles

(prilosec, nexium, and prevacid)

98
Q

Metoclopromide

A

5-HT4 rececptor

PONV decreased for 24 hours

crosses BBB

99
Q

TACO

A

transfusion-associated circulatory overload

100
Q

shelf life of whole blood

A

35 days

101
Q

components in cryoprecipitate

A

fibrinogen

VII

XII

vWF

102
Q

DDAVP

A

synthetic vasopressin

stiulates release of vWF and VIII

103
Q

Aprotinin

A

serine protease inhibitor

(protein C)

104
Q
A

Comprehensive Exam (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions