Pharmacology for AL121 Final Flashcards
pharmacology
science concerned with the origin, nature, effects and uses of drugs
drug
chemical substance producing a biologic response in the body
pharmacokinetics
study of how a drug is absorbed into, circulates within, and leaves the body (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion)
agonist
causes a change
antagonist
drug that counteracts another
side effect
unintended, expected, mild
adverse effect
severe, life threatening
toxic effect
unwanted extension of therapeutic effect, overdosage
idiosyncratic effect
unusual, unknown cause, under or over reaction
allergic response
adverse effect; this is why we ask about a shellfish allergy prior to giving contrast
drug tolerance
build up over a long period of time
drug classification: schedule 1
high abuse potential, not for medical use
drug classification: schedule 5
non-narcotic prescription, some purchased w/o prescription
parenteral
injection not through GI tract
Rights of Safe Medication Administration
right patient, right medication, right dose, right time, right route, right documentation
types of enteral administration
oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal
types of parenteral administration
intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal
analgesics -purpose, example
to reduce pain; narcotics are opiods, morphine, Demerol, codeine, and oxycodone; nonnarcotics are acetaminophen-Tylenol, aspirin, ibuprofen-Motrin
anesthetics -purpose, example
to block nerve conduction without losing consciousness; local are lidocaine, xylocaine, and mepivacaine-Carbocaine; general are sevoflurane-Ultane and propofol-Diprivan
antiarrhythmias -purpose, example
to change heart rhythm; Cordarone, Inderal, lidocaine, Lanoxin, Adenocard
antibiotics -purpose, example
to treat infection (selected according to targeted microorganism); sulfa, penicillin VK, tetracycline-Vibramycin, erythromycins, amoxicillin-Amoxil, Agumentin, ciprofloxacin-Cipro, azithromycin-Zithromax
anticholinergics -purpose, example
to treat GI cramps, urinary bladder spasm, asthma, motion sickness, and muscular spasm, prevent or treat bradycardia, increase heart rate, decrease secretions, relax smooth muscles; oxybutynin, Detrol La, Atropine, scopolamine, lipratropium
anticoagulants -purpose, example
to prevent clot formation by reducing clotting time; heparin and warfarin-Coumadin, enoxaparin-Lovenox
antidiabetics -purpose, example
to relieve symptoms of diabetes; insulin, Micronase, metformin-Glucophage, Amaryl, Glucotrol, Orinase, Actos, Avandia, Januvia
