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Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

pharmacology

A

science concerned with the origin, nature, effects and uses of drugs

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2
Q

drug

A

chemical substance producing a biologic response in the body

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3
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

study of how a drug is absorbed into, circulates within, and leaves the body (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion)

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4
Q

agonist

A

causes a change

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5
Q

antagonist

A

drug that counteracts another

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6
Q

side effect

A

unintended, expected, mild

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7
Q

adverse effect

A

severe, life threatening

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8
Q

toxic effect

A

unwanted extension of therapeutic effect, overdosage

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9
Q

idiosyncratic effect

A

unusual, unknown cause, under or over reaction

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10
Q

allergic response

A

adverse effect; this is why we ask about a shellfish allergy prior to giving contrast

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11
Q

drug tolerance

A

build up over a long period of time

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12
Q

drug interactions

A

compatibility with the body or other drugs, storage, etc

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13
Q

nomenclature

A

chemical name, generic name, trade/brand name

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14
Q

drug classification: schedule 1

A

high abuse potential, not for medical use

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15
Q

drug classification: schedule 2

A

written prescription, high abuse potential

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16
Q

drug classification: schedule 3

A

lesser potential for abuse

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17
Q

drug classification: schedule 4

A

some potential abuse

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18
Q

drug classification: schedule 5

A

non-narcotic prescription, some purchased w/o prescription

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19
Q

dose form: tablet

A

orally, granules compressed into a solid hard disk, absorbed in stomach or small intestine (if enteric coated)

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20
Q

dose form: capsule

A

orally, powder or liquid in gelatin shell, absorbed in stomach

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21
Q

dose form: inhalant

A

inhaled, has local or systemic effects, targets respiratory mucosa

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22
Q

dose form: suppository

A

rectum/vagina/urethra, has local or systemic effects

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23
Q

dose form: solution

A

orally or parenterally, drug(s) dissolved in liquid

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24
Q

dose form: suspension

A

orally, drug particles in liquid

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25
dose form: transdermal patch
on skin surface, released gradually
26
parenteral
injection not through GI tract
27
Rights of Safe Medication Administration
right patient, right medication, right dose, right time, right route, right documentation
28
types of enteral administration
oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal
29
types of parenteral administration
intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal
30
antihistimines (purpose, generic and brand name, administration)
(allergy med) reduce itching, mild sedative, drying; diphenhydramine - Benedryl; oral, IM, or IV
31
bronchodilators (purpose, generic and brand name, administration, complications)
(allergy med) treat angioedema (swelling), shock, respiratory arrest, vasoconstriction, asthma; epinephrine* - Adrenalin; sub Q, IM, or IV; watch for arrhythmias or hypertension
32
corticosteroids (purpose, generic and brand name)
(allergy med) anti inflammatory, prevent/reduce laryngeal and bronchial edema; methylprednisolone - Solu-Mudrol, hydrocortisone - Solu-Cortef
33
analgesics (purpose, two types, examples)
reduce pain; narcotic (controlled, possible dependence): opiods, morphine, Demerol, codeine, oxycodone (OxyContin) vs nonnarcotic: acetaminophen - Tylenol, aspirin*, ibuprofen - Motrin
34
NSAIDs (definition, purpose, generic and brand names)
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; treat inflammation, fever, and pain; ibuprofen - Motrin, naproxen sodium - Aleve, Anaprox, aspirin* - Anacin, Excedrin, Ascriptin, celecoxib - Celebrex
35
local anesthetics (purpose, examples, administration)
block nerve conduction with no loss of consciousness; lidocaine*, xylocaine*, mepivacaine - Carbocaine; topically or injection
36
general anesthetics (generic and brand names, administration)
sevoflurane - Ultane (inhaled), propofol - Diprivan (IV)
37
conscious sedation (generic and brand names)
midazolam - Versed, iorazepam - Ativan, propofol - Diprivan; (reversal) flumazenil - Romazicon
38
antibiotics or antimicrobials (purpose, examples, complications)
treat infection, selected according to microorganism to destroy; sulfa, penicillin VK, tetracycline - Vibramycin, erythromycins, amoxicillin - Amoxil, Agumentin, ciprofloxacin - Cipro, azithromycin - Zithromax; GI tract irritation, phlebitis, renal toxicity, allergic reactions, superinfections, resistance
39
antipyretics (purpose, generic and brand names)
reduce body temperature; aspirin*, acetaminophen - Tylenol, ibuprofen - Advin, Motrin, naproxen sodium - Aleve
40
antihistamines (purpose, two types, examples)
treat allergic disorders, acute and chronic; first generation (sedating): Benadryl*, second generation (nonsedating) - Claritin, Allegra
41
antiemetics (purpose, examples)
inhibit nausea and vomiting; Phenergan, Compazine, Benadryl*, Vistaril, Dramamine, scopolamine, Zofran, Reglan
42
antianxiety drugs (anxiolytics) (purpose, types, examples)
treat anxiety and preoperative; benzodiazepines (Xanax, Valium, Ativan, Versed, Librium), non-benzodiazepine (Buspar), preoperative sedation (Vlaium, Versed, Mazicon, Romazicon, Narcan*)
43
antidepressants (purpose, examples)
treat depression; Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Celexa, Lexapro, Efexor, Symbalta, Wellbutrin, Remeron
44
anticoagulants (purpose, examples)
prevent clot formation by reducing clotting time; heparin and warfarin - Coumadin, enoxaparin - Lovenox
45
antiplatelets (purpose, examples)
prevent platelet aggregation, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attacks; aspirin*, Plavix, ReoPro
46
thrombolytic agents (purpose, examples)
dissolve clots; tPA - Activase, reteplase - Retavase, urokinase, streptokinase
47
anticholinergics or antispasmodics (purpose, effects, examples)
treat GI cramps, urinary bladder spasm, asthma, motion sickness, and muscular spasm prevent or treat bradycardia; increase heart rate, decrease secretions, relax smooth muscles; oxybutynin, Detrol La, Atropine*, scopolamine, Ipratropium
48
diuretics (purpose, effects, brand names)
treat diseases that cause edematous state in body; increase amount of urine; Bumex, Lasix*, Esidrix, Diuril, Diamox, Zaroxolyn, hydroDIURIL
49
antiarrhythmics (purpose, brand names)
change heart rhythm; Cordarone*, Inderal*, lidocaine*, Lanoxin, Adenocard*
50
antihyperlipidemics (purpose, examples)
prevent formation of atherosclerosis; Lipitor, Zocor, Mevacor, Zetia, Niacin, Lopid
51
laxative or cathartic (purpose, examples)
loosens bowels and prevents constipation; Dulcolax, Theralax, castor oil, magnesium citrate, Milk of Magnesia, Cascara sagrada, Colace, Metamucil
52
diarrhea treatment (brand names)
Pepto-Bismol, Imodium, Lomotil
53
anticonvulsants or antiepileptics (purpose, brand names)
prevent or control seizures; Depakote, Dilantin*, Ativan, Cerebryx, Neurontin, Topamax, Lyrica
54
antidiabetic agents (examples)
insulin, Micronase, emtformin - Glucophage, Amaryl, Glucotrol, Orinase, Actos, Avandia, Januvia
55
antihypertensives (purpose, types, examples)
reduce blood pressure; ACE inhibitors: Zestril, Lotensin; Beta blockers: Lopressor, Toprol XL, Coreg; Calcium channel blockers: Norvasc, Cardene; ARBs: Diovan, Avapro
56
vasodilators (purpose, examples)
dilate blood vessels and treat vascular disease; nitroglycerin*, Nitropress
57
vasoconstrictors (purpose, generic and brand names)
constrict blood vessels, increase heart action, raise BP; norepinephrine - Levophed*, epinephrine* - Adrenalin, dopamine - Intropin*, isoproterenol - Isuprel*
58
antiulcers (examples)
Zantac, Pepcid*, Prevacid, Prilosec, Tagamet, Protonix
59
antacids (examples)
Amphoget, Maalox, sodium bicarbonate*
60
stimulants (examples)
Aderal, Ritalin, Dobutrex*, dopamine
61
coagulants
vitamin K
62
antifungals (purpose, examples)
destroy or suppress fungi; Fungizone, Fluconazole
63
osteoporosis medications
Fosamax, Actonel, Evista, Miacalcin
64
antiparkinsons (examples)
Sinemet, Mirapex, Requip
65
antivirals (purpose, targeted diseases, examples)
destroy or suppress viruses; Herpes simplex, chicken pox, shingles, flu, HIV; Zovirax, Retrovir, AZT, Lotrimin, Amphocin, Sustiva
66
fluids
5% dextrose in water*, 0.9% NaCl (saline), lactated Ringer's solution
67
electrolytes
sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate

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