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Rad Tech > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

pharmacology

A

science concerned with the origin, nature, effects and uses of drugs

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2
Q

drug

A

chemical substance producing a biologic response in the body

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3
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

study of how a drug is absorbed into, circulates within, and leaves the body (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion)

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4
Q

agonist

A

causes a change

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5
Q

antagonist

A

drug that counteracts another

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6
Q

side effect

A

unintended, expected, mild

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7
Q

adverse effect

A

severe, life threatening

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8
Q

toxic effect

A

unwanted extension of therapeutic effect, overdosage

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9
Q

idiosyncratic effect

A

unusual, unknown cause, under or over reaction

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10
Q

allergic response

A

adverse effect; this is why we ask about a shellfish allergy prior to giving contrast

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11
Q

drug tolerance

A

build up over a long period of time

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12
Q

drug interactions

A

compatibility with the body or other drugs, storage, etc

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13
Q

nomenclature

A

chemical name, generic name, trade/brand name

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14
Q

drug classification: schedule 1

A

high abuse potential, not for medical use

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15
Q

drug classification: schedule 2

A

written prescription, high abuse potential

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16
Q

drug classification: schedule 3

A

lesser potential for abuse

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17
Q

drug classification: schedule 4

A

some potential abuse

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18
Q

drug classification: schedule 5

A

non-narcotic prescription, some purchased w/o prescription

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19
Q

dose form: tablet

A

orally, granules compressed into a solid hard disk, absorbed in stomach or small intestine (if enteric coated)

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20
Q

dose form: capsule

A

orally, powder or liquid in gelatin shell, absorbed in stomach

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21
Q

dose form: inhalant

A

inhaled, has local or systemic effects, targets respiratory mucosa

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22
Q

dose form: suppository

A

rectum/vagina/urethra, has local or systemic effects

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23
Q

dose form: solution

A

orally or parenterally, drug(s) dissolved in liquid

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24
Q

dose form: suspension

A

orally, drug particles in liquid

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25
Q

dose form: transdermal patch

A

on skin surface, released gradually

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26
Q

parenteral

A

injection not through GI tract

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27
Q

Rights of Safe Medication Administration

A

right patient, right medication, right dose, right time, right route, right documentation

28
Q

types of enteral administration

A

oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal

29
Q

types of parenteral administration

A

intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal

30
Q

antihistimines (purpose, generic and brand name, administration)

A

(allergy med) reduce itching, mild sedative, drying; diphenhydramine - Benedryl; oral, IM, or IV

31
Q

bronchodilators (purpose, generic and brand name, administration, complications)

A

(allergy med) treat angioedema (swelling), shock, respiratory arrest, vasoconstriction, asthma; epinephrine* - Adrenalin; sub Q, IM, or IV; watch for arrhythmias or hypertension

32
Q

corticosteroids (purpose, generic and brand name)

A

(allergy med) anti inflammatory, prevent/reduce laryngeal and bronchial edema; methylprednisolone - Solu-Mudrol, hydrocortisone - Solu-Cortef

33
Q

analgesics (purpose, two types, examples)

A

reduce pain; narcotic (controlled, possible dependence): opiods, morphine, Demerol, codeine, oxycodone (OxyContin) vs nonnarcotic: acetaminophen - Tylenol, aspirin*, ibuprofen - Motrin

34
Q

NSAIDs (definition, purpose, generic and brand names)

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; treat inflammation, fever, and pain; ibuprofen - Motrin, naproxen sodium - Aleve, Anaprox, aspirin* - Anacin, Excedrin, Ascriptin, celecoxib - Celebrex

35
Q

local anesthetics (purpose, examples, administration)

A

block nerve conduction with no loss of consciousness; lidocaine, xylocaine, mepivacaine - Carbocaine; topically or injection

36
Q

general anesthetics (generic and brand names, administration)

A

sevoflurane - Ultane (inhaled), propofol - Diprivan (IV)

37
Q

conscious sedation (generic and brand names)

A

midazolam - Versed, iorazepam - Ativan, propofol - Diprivan; (reversal) flumazenil - Romazicon

38
Q

antibiotics or antimicrobials (purpose, examples, complications)

A

treat infection, selected according to microorganism to destroy; sulfa, penicillin VK, tetracycline - Vibramycin, erythromycins, amoxicillin - Amoxil, Agumentin, ciprofloxacin - Cipro, azithromycin - Zithromax; GI tract irritation, phlebitis, renal toxicity, allergic reactions, superinfections, resistance

39
Q

antipyretics (purpose, generic and brand names)

A

reduce body temperature; aspirin*, acetaminophen - Tylenol, ibuprofen - Advin, Motrin, naproxen sodium - Aleve

40
Q

antihistamines (purpose, two types, examples)

A

treat allergic disorders, acute and chronic; first generation (sedating): Benadryl*, second generation (nonsedating) - Claritin, Allegra

41
Q

antiemetics (purpose, examples)

A

inhibit nausea and vomiting; Phenergan, Compazine, Benadryl*, Vistaril, Dramamine, scopolamine, Zofran, Reglan

42
Q

antianxiety drugs (anxiolytics) (purpose, types, examples)

A

treat anxiety and preoperative; benzodiazepines (Xanax, Valium, Ativan, Versed, Librium), non-benzodiazepine (Buspar), preoperative sedation (Vlaium, Versed, Mazicon, Romazicon, Narcan*)

43
Q

antidepressants (purpose, examples)

A

treat depression; Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Celexa, Lexapro, Efexor, Symbalta, Wellbutrin, Remeron

44
Q

anticoagulants (purpose, examples)

A

prevent clot formation by reducing clotting time; heparin and warfarin - Coumadin, enoxaparin - Lovenox

45
Q

antiplatelets (purpose, examples)

A

prevent platelet aggregation, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attacks; aspirin*, Plavix, ReoPro

46
Q

thrombolytic agents (purpose, examples)

A

dissolve clots; tPA - Activase, reteplase - Retavase, urokinase, streptokinase

47
Q

anticholinergics or antispasmodics (purpose, effects, examples)

A

treat GI cramps, urinary bladder spasm, asthma, motion sickness, and muscular spasm prevent or treat bradycardia; increase heart rate, decrease secretions, relax smooth muscles; oxybutynin, Detrol La, Atropine*, scopolamine, Ipratropium

48
Q

diuretics (purpose, effects, brand names)

A

treat diseases that cause edematous state in body; increase amount of urine; Bumex, Lasix*, Esidrix, Diuril, Diamox, Zaroxolyn, hydroDIURIL

49
Q

antiarrhythmics (purpose, brand names)

A

change heart rhythm; Cordarone, Inderal, lidocaine, Lanoxin, Adenocard

50
Q

antihyperlipidemics (purpose, examples)

A

prevent formation of atherosclerosis; Lipitor, Zocor, Mevacor, Zetia, Niacin, Lopid

51
Q

laxative or cathartic (purpose, examples)

A

loosens bowels and prevents constipation; Dulcolax, Theralax, castor oil, magnesium citrate, Milk of Magnesia, Cascara sagrada, Colace, Metamucil

52
Q

diarrhea treatment (brand names)

A

Pepto-Bismol, Imodium, Lomotil

53
Q

anticonvulsants or antiepileptics (purpose, brand names)

A

prevent or control seizures; Depakote, Dilantin*, Ativan, Cerebryx, Neurontin, Topamax, Lyrica

54
Q

antidiabetic agents (examples)

A

insulin, Micronase, emtformin - Glucophage, Amaryl, Glucotrol, Orinase, Actos, Avandia, Januvia

55
Q

antihypertensives (purpose, types, examples)

A

reduce blood pressure; ACE inhibitors: Zestril, Lotensin; Beta blockers: Lopressor, Toprol XL, Coreg; Calcium channel blockers: Norvasc, Cardene; ARBs: Diovan, Avapro

56
Q

vasodilators (purpose, examples)

A

dilate blood vessels and treat vascular disease; nitroglycerin*, Nitropress

57
Q

vasoconstrictors (purpose, generic and brand names)

A

constrict blood vessels, increase heart action, raise BP; norepinephrine - Levophed, epinephrine - Adrenalin, dopamine - Intropin, isoproterenol - Isuprel

58
Q

antiulcers (examples)

A

Zantac, Pepcid*, Prevacid, Prilosec, Tagamet, Protonix

59
Q

antacids (examples)

A

Amphoget, Maalox, sodium bicarbonate*

60
Q

stimulants (examples)

A

Aderal, Ritalin, Dobutrex*, dopamine

61
Q

coagulants

A

vitamin K

62
Q

antifungals (purpose, examples)

A

destroy or suppress fungi; Fungizone, Fluconazole

63
Q

osteoporosis medications

A

Fosamax, Actonel, Evista, Miacalcin

64
Q

antiparkinsons (examples)

A

Sinemet, Mirapex, Requip

65
Q

antivirals (purpose, targeted diseases, examples)

A

destroy or suppress viruses; Herpes simplex, chicken pox, shingles, flu, HIV; Zovirax, Retrovir, AZT, Lotrimin, Amphocin, Sustiva

66
Q

fluids

A

5% dextrose in water*, 0.9% NaCl (saline), lactated Ringer’s solution

67
Q

electrolytes

A

sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate

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