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Med School Y2 > Pharmacology First > Flashcards

Pharmacology First Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main NT in both SNS and PSNS?

A

Acetylcholine (binds to nicotinic receptors)

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2
Q

What are the main NTs and receptors in postganglionic neurons of SNS and PSNS?

A

SNS: NE / Adrenergic receptors (alpha & beta)

PSNS: Ach only / Muscarinic receptors

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3
Q

What is the NT and receptor of somatic NS?

A

Ach / Nicotinic receptor

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4
Q

What is the difference between the receptors in pre and post-ganglionic SNS and PSNS?

A
  • SNS: Pre (Cholinergic) & Post (Adrenergic); Post of sweat glands are cholinergic (M)
  • PSNS: Pre & Post (Cholinergic)
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5
Q

State some organs that are only innervated by SNS

A

Kidney / Liver / Piloerector muscles / BVs / Adrenal medulla / Sweat glands

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6
Q

What are the 5 subtypes of muscarinic receptors?

A

M1: Parietal cells and CNS
M2: Heart
M3: Others
M4 & M5

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7
Q

What are the subtypes of nicotinic receptors?

A

Nm (in NMJ on SKM)
Nn (in CNS / Ganglia / Adrenal medulla)

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8
Q

Where are Alpha receptors located at?

A

Alpha 1: Most BVs / Iris / Urinary bladder sphincter / Juxtaglomerular cells
Alpha 2: Postganglionic adrenergic neurons (presynaptic terminal) / Pancreas

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9
Q

What are the functions of the alpha receptors?

A

Alpha 1: Vasoconstriction / Pupil constriction / Urinary retention
Alpha 2: -ve feedback for NE release / Insulin inhibition

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10
Q

Where are beta receptors located at?

A

Beta 1: Heart / Juxtaglomerular cells
Beta 2: Lungs / SKM BVs / Liver / GIT / Uterus
Beta 3: Fat tissues / Wall of urinary bladder

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11
Q

What are the functions of the beta receptors?

A

Beta 1: Increases heart rate & contractility / Activate RAAS
Beta 2: Bronchodilation / Vasodilation / Glycogenolysis / Smooth muscle relaxation
Beta 3: Lipolysis / Relaxes urinary smooth muscles

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12
Q

State the location and function of the (D1) dopamine receptor

A

Location: Renal arteries
Function: Vasodilation of kidney arteries

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13
Q

What does alpha 1 agonist do?

A

Bind and activate the receptor; inhibiting sympathetic system (prevent NE secretion); treat refractory HTN

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14
Q

What kind of agonist drugs can help treat glaucoma?

A

Parasympathetic agonists

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15
Q

What receptors affect the constriction and dilation in bronchi (Lungs)?

A

B2 receptors: Bronchodilation and decrease secretions
M3 receptors: Bronchoconstriction & increase secretions

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16
Q

Which receptors affect the heart in SNS and PSNS?

A

B1: increases contractility / HR / AV conduction
M2: decreases contractility / HR / AV conduction

17
Q

What do beta blockers treat (in heart)?

A

Tachycardia & Angina

18
Q

What receptors affects GIT in SNS and PSNS?

A
  • B2 (reduce motility) / a1 (sphincters contraction)
  • M3 (Increase motility & sphincter contraction) / M1 (Acid secretion)
19
Q

What receptors affect urinary bladder in SNS and PSNS?

A
  • B3 (Relaxation of bladder wall) / a1 (Contraction of sphincter)
  • M (Contraction of bladder wall & Relaxation of sphincter)
20
Q

Which receptor affect female genitalia in SNS?

A

B2 (Relaxation of uterus)

21
Q

What effect do receptors have on BVs in SNS?

A

α1 (Vasoconstriction in internal organs & skin; except brain) / β2 (vasodilation in muscles)

22
Q

What effect do cholinergic receptors have on BVs?

A

No innervation; only M3 receptors; if activated by external agonists causes vasodilation & NO release (2nd messenger)

23
Q

How do adrenergic receptors affect adrenal glands?

A

Produce NE (80%) & Ep (20%)

24
Q

How do adrenergic receptors affect the kidneys?

A

β1 (increase renin from juxtaglomerular cells) / α1 (decrease renin from juxtaglomerular cells) / D1 (renal artery vasodilation)

25
Q

How do sympathetic stimulation drugs affect kidneys blood flow?

A

Generalized increase in BP except kidneys (prevent renal failure)

26
Q

How do beta blockers affect RAAS?

A

Prevent renin increase (treat HTN)

27
Q

How does SNS (adrenergic receptors) affect skin?

A

Pilomotor (goose bumps; piloerector contraction)
M3 (sweating/diaphoresis)

28
Q

How do adrenergic receptors affect metabolism?

A

β2 (liver; increase glycogenolysis & gluconeogenesis)
β3 (fat tissue; lipolysis)
α2 (pancreas; reduce insulin)

Med School Y2 (5 decks)

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