Pharmacology First Flashcards
What is the main NT in both SNS and PSNS?
Acetylcholine (binds to nicotinic receptors)
What are the main NTs and receptors in postganglionic neurons of SNS and PSNS?
SNS: NE / Adrenergic receptors (alpha & beta)
PSNS: Ach only / Muscarinic receptors
What is the NT and receptor of somatic NS?
Ach / Nicotinic receptor
What is the difference between the receptors in pre and post-ganglionic SNS and PSNS?
- SNS: Pre (Cholinergic) & Post (Adrenergic); Post of sweat glands are cholinergic (M)
- PSNS: Pre & Post (Cholinergic)
State some organs that are only innervated by SNS
Kidney / Liver / Piloerector muscles / BVs / Adrenal medulla / Sweat glands
What are the 5 subtypes of muscarinic receptors?
M1: Parietal cells and CNS
M2: Heart
M3: Others
M4 & M5
What are the subtypes of nicotinic receptors?
Nm (in NMJ on SKM)
Nn (in CNS / Ganglia / Adrenal medulla)
Where are Alpha receptors located at?
Alpha 1: Most BVs / Iris / Urinary bladder sphincter / Juxtaglomerular cells
Alpha 2: Postganglionic adrenergic neurons (presynaptic terminal) / Pancreas
What are the functions of the alpha receptors?
Alpha 1: Vasoconstriction / Pupil constriction / Urinary retention
Alpha 2: -ve feedback for NE release / Insulin inhibition
Where are beta receptors located at?
Beta 1: Heart / Juxtaglomerular cells
Beta 2: Lungs / SKM BVs / Liver / GIT / Uterus
Beta 3: Fat tissues / Wall of urinary bladder
What are the functions of the beta receptors?
Beta 1: Increases heart rate & contractility / Activate RAAS
Beta 2: Bronchodilation / Vasodilation / Glycogenolysis / Smooth muscle relaxation
Beta 3: Lipolysis / Relaxes urinary smooth muscles
State the location and function of the (D1) dopamine receptor
Location: Renal arteries
Function: Vasodilation of kidney arteries
What does alpha 1 agonist do?
Bind and activate the receptor; inhibiting sympathetic system (prevent NE secretion); treat refractory HTN
What kind of agonist drugs can help treat glaucoma?
Parasympathetic agonists
What receptors affect the constriction and dilation in bronchi (Lungs)?
B2 receptors: Bronchodilation and decrease secretions
M3 receptors: Bronchoconstriction & increase secretions
Which receptors affect the heart in SNS and PSNS?
B1: increases contractility / HR / AV conduction
M2: decreases contractility / HR / AV conduction
What do beta blockers treat (in heart)?
Tachycardia & Angina
What receptors affects GIT in SNS and PSNS?
- B2 (reduce motility) / a1 (sphincters contraction)
- M3 (Increase motility & sphincter contraction) / M1 (Acid secretion)
What receptors affect urinary bladder in SNS and PSNS?
- B3 (Relaxation of bladder wall) / a1 (Contraction of sphincter)
- M (Contraction of bladder wall & Relaxation of sphincter)
Which receptor affect female genitalia in SNS?
B2 (Relaxation of uterus)
What effect do receptors have on BVs in SNS?
α1 (Vasoconstriction in internal organs & skin; except brain) / β2 (vasodilation in muscles)
What effect do cholinergic receptors have on BVs?
No innervation; only M3 receptors; if activated by external agonists causes vasodilation & NO release (2nd messenger)
How do adrenergic receptors affect adrenal glands?
Produce NE (80%) & Ep (20%)
How do adrenergic receptors affect the kidneys?
β1 (increase renin from juxtaglomerular cells) / α1 (decrease renin from juxtaglomerular cells) / D1 (renal artery vasodilation)
