Pharmacology Final Flashcards
The presence of carbon dioxide aiding in the release and delivery of oxygen for hemoglobin is termed
bohr effect
Drug that blocks a receptor for acetylcholine
anticholinergic
High BP is defined as a min systolic/diastolic pressure of
140/90
The group of drugs can cause decreased sensitivity of the resp center to increased levels of PaCO2
Opiods/ Narc
The amount of blood that is ejected into the aorta and travels through the systemic circulation with every heartbeat is called the
Stroke volume
pressure that drives blood into the tissues, averaged over the entire cardiac cycle is called
Mean arterial pressure
Symbicort is a combination of
budesonide and formoterol
Endogenous products that are secreted into the bloodstream and travel to nerve endings to stimulate an excitatory response are
Catecholamines-epi
Hypertension occurs more frequently in
Males and blacks
Brand name given to a drug by a particular manufacturer is known as a drugs
Trade name
The peak pressure reached during ventricular ejection is the
Systolic pressure
What are the two classes of neuromuscular blocking agents
Depolarizing and nondepolarizing
Ribaviran is classified as which of the following
antiviral
What drug would you use to reverse vecuronium? opium?
Vecuronium-Neostigmine
Opium- Narcan
Epi accompishes which of the following?
Stimulates what….
Stimulates both alpha and beta receptors
General term for a drug that affects the peak pressure or strength of the myocardial contraction is a
Ionotropic agent= stregnth,
Chronotropic= HR
Benzoidiazepines generally dont cause resp depression T/F
True
Treat alcohol withdrawal
Benzodiazepines
Anti-leukotrines
Zafirlukast, Montelukast, and Zileuton
2 calcium channel blockers that target the circadian rhythm of BP throughout the day
Verapamil and cardiazem
aerosol particles size treat what
5-10um= Upper airways
2-5um= terminal airways (asthma, bronchospasm)
less than 3 um= alveoli
Bronchodilation most likely occurs because of stimulation of which receptor?
Beta 2
–alpha 1= Vasoconstriction, Beta 1= Heart (rate)
Corticosteroids are naturally secreted by what
Adrenal cortex
As diuretics go, aldosterone antagonist for
sparing potassium excretion
Beta blockers dosing is generally adjusted to achieve a HR of
60-80bpm
Factors that affect a drugs absorping are
- Route
- Metabolic degradation
- Inactivation by the stomach
- Blood flow to the absorption site
Pharmacotherapy for angina includes
Nitates, beta blockers, calcium antagonist, Ranexa
A bolus of steroid has been given to an adult asthmatic who is not responding to beta agonists. The bolus will help to
Restore beta agonist responsiveness
Most common side effect of ACE inhibitors is? Atrovent?
ACE- Persistent dry cough (tickle cough),
Atrovent- Dry mouth
The single R isomer Beta 2 agonist is
Levalbuterol
Norepiinephrine ane epinephrine are
Catecholamines
Which of the following is NOT a major component of the hearts electrical conduction system
- SA node
- AV node
- Bundle of His
- Mitral Valve
Mitral valve
What anti hypertensive drugs is considered superior over ACEI’s when treating hypertension in pts with DM type 2
Angiotensin II Receptor blockers
Administred through ET tube
Epinephrine, Atropine, Lidocaine, Narcan
A parasympathoMIMETIC agent that intensifies the level of bronchial tone to the point of bronchial constriction and is used in pulmonary function provacation testing is
methacholine
Treat tylenol overdose
Mucomyst
Blood test is the standard for monitoring Coumadin
INR
Antileukotrienes have an ADDITIVE effect for which class of drugs
Corticosteroids
an excellent amnestic agent to use with intubation or conscious sedation would be
versed/ fentalyn
Agent works by preventing the formation of the fibrin clot and prevents further clot formation in an existing thrombi
Anticoagulant
Thrombolytic is a
Clot buster
used for MI and PE
The aim of this drug is to increase arterial blood pH to more than 7.2 to minimize the adverse effects of systemic acidosis
Sodium bicarbonate
The primary organ of drug metabolism is the? excretion?
metabolizes- liver
Excretes- kidneys
Theophylline is chemically referred to as one of which of the following
xanthines
Succinylcholine can muscle fasciculation during initial depolarization T/F
True
What binds to a receptor and causes a response
agonist
When the cause is unknown, hypertension is termed
primary or essential hypertension
Which drug is most appropriate for patients, because of its chronotropic effects, in asystole, and can be administered with epi and vasopressin
Atropine
Ventricular contractility is influenced mainly by the volume of blood filling the ventricles and is termed the
preload
These agents inhibit the action of platelets in the initial stage of the clotting process
antiplatelets
This agent is naturally present in the secretory granules of mast cells
histamine
A cardiac condition in which normal ATRIAL contractions are replaced by rapid irregular twitching of the muscular wall
atrial fibrillation
Lidocaine is used to control what type of arrhythmias
ventricular
Hypertensive crisis is defined as a systolic and diastolic pressure of equal to or greater than
180/120
This affects the volume of blood (preload) and is a major determinant of cardiac output and the systolic blood pressure
stroke volume
Term defined as a lack of O2 and decreased or no blood flow to the myocardium
ischemia
Angiotensin - Converting Enzyme inhibitors act primarily suppression of the rennin-angiotensim-aldosterone system by blocking the production of angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a
Potent vasoconstrictor
Pulmozyme is used for
CF
Most common adverse reaction to penicillin is
Hypersensitivity
Phenylephrine and Pseudoephedrine are sympathomimetics agents used for
Decongestion
For massive pulmonary emboli, this agent is the thrombolytic of choice
alteplase
What agent can be administered to reverse the affects of Warfarin
Vitamin K
Warfarin= thins blood
If a drug is administered more frequently that the drugs half life which of the following may result
accumulation
Nitroglycerin reduces myocardial oxygen demand by causing
Venodilation of the coronary arteries and co-laterals
A drug that can be given via neb prior to bronchoscopy to anesthetize the airways and suppress a cough reflex would be
lidocaine
Thrombolytic agents are indicted for the management of
Pulmonary Emboli, MI’s (PE and MI)
Tiotropium Bromides duration is
24 hours
Corticosteroids dont begin to have an appreciated effect on reducing inflammation until
18-24 hours
Vasopressors are used to treat
hypotension
Inotropes are used to treat decompensated heart failure by
strengthening myocardial contractility
A class IA antiarrhythmic that block sodium channels in the myocardium and particularly in the atrium is
procaninamide
A beta blocker used in management of hypertension and prevent SVT
Digoxin
A class IB drug used to reduce ventricular arrhythmias, particularly PVCs
Lidocaine
What drug might be used to treat a pt with a fib and chronic CHF to increase they stroke volume and thus their cardiac output
Digoxin
Control or prevent SVT and control vent rate with a fib, instead of beta blocker
Calcium channel blockers
Angiotensin I is converted to Angiotensin II in the
pulmonary vasculature
Angiotensin II is a
vasoconstrictor
The final product of the renin angiotensin aldosterone chain is aldosterone which contributes to
retention of sodium and water
Sublingual nitroglycerin is from what family of antiangina agents
Nitrates
Beta blockers are effect antiangina agents by
decreasing oxygen demand in the myocardium
Thrombolytics used in acute MIs or PEs are meant to
dissolve thromboses that are blocking vessels
How often can epi be administered during CPR
every 3-5 minutes (1mg in 10ml solution)
Atropine is used during a code to treat
Asystole
Vasopressin should be administered
40U one time, IV push
