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V300 Non-Medical Prescribing UK > Pharmacology Exam Mock Questions > Flashcards

Pharmacology Exam Mock Questions Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

According to the BNF, what are the recommendations regarding prescribing Clozapine during breastfeeding ?

A

It should be avoided

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2
Q

Which ONE of these describes the type of adverse drug reaction when an opioid drug taken whilst breastfeeding results in a neonate with respiratory depression? A, B, C or D

A

Type A

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3
Q

Which describes the passage of a drug between the mother’s plasma and the breastmilk?

A

An equilibrium is maintained, as the mother’s plasma drug levels increase or decrease so does the drug concentration in the breast milk

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4
Q

According to the Summary of Product Characteristics, which statement best describes the elimination of Warfarin?

A

It has a mean half-life of 40 hours

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5
Q

What reason is specified in the BNF for giving Doxycycline 2 to 3 hours after iron?

A

Oral iron decreases the absorption of oral doxycycline

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6
Q

Which statement best describes the term phase 1 reaction?

A

The metabolism of drugs by cytochrome P450 enzymes

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7
Q

Which aspect of pharmacokinetics is MOST likely to be affected by changes in gastric pH?

A

Absorption

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8
Q

According to the Summary of Product Characteristics, which statement best describes the pharmacodynamics of oral Atorvastatin?

A

It is an enzyme inhibitor

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9
Q

Which term best describes the term affinity?

A

How tightly a ligand binds to a receptor

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10
Q

Which term best describes an ion channel blocker?

A

A drug which prevents the movement of ions across a membrane

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11
Q

Which statement best describes what the Summary of Product Characteristics advises about the dosing of Ramipril in older adults?

A

The initial dosing should be lower, and subsequent dose titration should be more gradual

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12
Q

Which is most likely to occur with advanced age?

A

Increased half-life of renally excreted drugs

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13
Q

According to the BNFC, what would be an appropriate dose of oral Levetiracetam for a 17 year old boy who weighs more than 50kg, for adjunctive therapy of focal seizures?

A

250mg twice daily, then increased every 2-4 weeks up to maxiumum of 1.5g twice daily

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14
Q

Which statement best describes the development of kidney function in children?

A

Renal function is low in neonates but reaches full maturity after 6-12 months

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15
Q

Which route of administration might lead to reduced absorption in a vomiting child?

A

Absorption

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16
Q

According to the BNF, what are the recommendations regarding prescribing Ramipril during breastfeeding?

A

It is not recommended as alternative treatment options with better safety information are available

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17
Q

Which aspect of pharmacokinetics is most likely to be affected by the increase in renal blood flow during pregnancy?

A

Excretion

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18
Q

What reason is specified in the BNF for giving Doxycycline 2 to 3 hours after iron?

A

Oral iron decreases the absorption of oral doxycycline

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19
Q

Which statement best describes the term enzyme induction?

A

The process by which a drug which increases the production of liver enzymes that metabolise other drugs

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20
Q

Which statement best describes the term enzyme induction?

A

The process by which a drug which increases the production of liver enzymes that metabolise other drugs

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21
Q

Which aspect of pharmacokinetics is MOST likely to be affected by changes in liver function?

A

Metabolism

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22
Q

According to the Summary of Product Characteristics, describe the pharmacodynamics of oral Mefenamic Acid?

A

Enzyme inhibitor

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23
Q

According to the BNF, what is the mechanism of action of Canagliflozin?

A

It inhibits sodium-glucose co-transporter 2

24
Q

Describe the term selectivity?

A

The preference of a ligand for one receptor over another

25
Q

What does the Summary of Product Characteristics advise about the dosing of Gabapentin in older adults?

A

Dose adjustment may be required depending on renal function

26
Q

Which is most likely to decrease the volume of distribution of a hydrophilic drug in older adults?

A

Decreased proportion of body water

27
Q

According to the Summary of Product Characteristics for Midazolam for injection, what best describes the half-life of the drug in children aged 3-10 years?

A

The half-life is shorter than in adults, this is most likely due to the increased metabolism rates in children of this age

28
Q

According to the Summary of Product Characteristics, what are the recommendations regarding prescribing Aspirin during pregnancy?

A

It can be used at low doses if required for obstetric indications

29
Q

According to the BNF, what are the recommendations regarding prescribing Clozapine during pregnancy?

A

If required, use with caution. Neonate should be monitored after birth if used during the third trimester

30
Q

Describe the relationship between the degree of plasma protein binding and whether the drug passes into breastmilk?

A

Only free drug can enter breast milk, so drugs which are highly plasma protein bound are less likely to transfer into the breast milk

31
Q

According to the Summary of Product Characteristics, what relates to the absorption of oral Amitriptyline?

A

Oral bioavailability is 53%

32
Q

According to the BNF, what happens to the clearance of Mirtazapine if creatinine clearance is less than 40 mL/minute?

A

Mirtazapine clearance is reduced by 30%

33
Q

Describes the term phase 1 reaction?

A

The metabolism of drugs by cytochrome P450 enzymes

34
Q

According to the Summary of Product Characteristics, describe the pharmacodynamics of oral Mefenamic Acid?

A

It is an enzyme inhibitor

35
Q

According to the BNF, what is the mechanism of action of Sertraline?

A

It is a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor

36
Q

What is a kinase linked receptor?

A

A slow acting cell surface receptor which activates intracellular enzymes

37
Q

What is an enzyme inhibitor?

A

A drug which binds to and reduces the effects of an enzyme

38
Q

Describe what the Summary of Product Characteristics advises about the dosing of Ramipril in older adults?

A

The initial dosing should be lower, and subsequent dose titration should be more gradual

39
Q

What is MOST likely to be a concern when prescribing new medications for an older adult?

A

Reduced renal function

40
Q

According to the BNFC, what would be an appropriate dose of oral Paracetamol for a 1 month old with post-operative pain?

A

20-30mg/kg for 1 dose then 15-20mg/kg every 4-6 hours

41
Q

What best describes the development of drug metabolism in children?

A

Drug metabolism is low in neonates, increases up to the age of 10-12, then decreases to adult levels

42
Q

What is most likely to reduce the oral bioavailability of drugs in children?

A

Diarrhoea

43
Q

What does Lipophilic mean?

A

Tending to combine with or dissolve in lipids or fats.

44
Q

According to the Summary of Product Characteristics, what are the recommendations regarding prescribing Ondansetron during pregnancy?

A

It should not be used in the first trimester as studies have shown an increased risk of oral clefts

45
Q

Which type of adverse drug reaction when a drug taken in pregnancy has adverse effects in the child many years later?

A

Type D

46
Q

Describe the relationship between degree of plasma protein binding and whether the drug passes into breastmilk?

A

Only free drug can enter breast milk, so drugs which are highly plasma protein bound are less likely to transfer into the breast milk

47
Q

What does the BNF advise regarding the dose of Trimethoprim in an adult with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 25 mL/minute/1.73m2?

A

Reduce to half normal dose after 3 days

48
Q

Describe the term volume of distribution?

A

The volume into which a drug appears to be distributed with a concentration equal to that of plasma

49
Q

Which aspect of pharmacokinetics is MOST likely to be affected by changes in renal function?

A

Excretion

50
Q

According to the Summary of Product Characteristics, which ONE of the following statements best describes the pharmacodynamics of oral Mefenamic Acid?

A

It is an enzyme inhibitor

51
Q

According to the BNF, what is the mechanism of action of Sertraline?

A

It is a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor

52
Q

What is most likely to increase the volume of distribution of a lipophilic drug in older adults?

A

Increased proportion of body fat

53
Q

What is MOST likely to reduce the absorption of a drug from the gastrointestinal tract?

A

Diarrhoea

54
Q

According to the BNFC, what would be an appropriate dose of Beclometasone Dipropionate (Clenil Modulite brand) inhaler for prophylaxis of asthma for a 5 year old child?

A

100-200 micrograms twice daily

55
Q

What best describes the volume of distribution of hydrophilic drugs in children?

A

Volume of distribution is high in neonates and reduces with age

56
Q

What is most likely to affect the bioavailability of intramuscular drugs in children?

A

Low muscle mass

V300 Non-Medical Prescribing UK (6 decks)

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