Pharmacology Drugs

Question 1

Sodium chloride 0.9 (IV)

Answer 1

D - Increases vascular fluid volume which increases cardiac output and perfusion.

K - IV route , renal absorption excreted by kidneys.

Question 2

Aspirin

Answer 2

D - cox enzyme inhibitor that suppresses production of prostaglandins and thromboxane

K - Absorbed in gi, distributed to all tissues , metabolised by liver and excreted by kidneys.

Question 3

TXA

Answer 3

D - Inhibits plasminogen activation and activity which prevents clot breaking down by blocking lysine.

K - IV absorption, vascular distribution, metabolised by liver, excreted by kidneys

Question 4

Naloxone

Answer 4

D - antagonises opioids receptors Mu,kappa and delta. By blocking sites stops opioids binding to receptors.

K - absorbed IV,IM,SC,IN. Metabolised in liver excreted by kidneys.

Question 5

Adrenaline

Answer 5

D - effects Alpha and beta adrenergic receptors causing Vaso construction and causes bronchial smooth muscle relations to help minimise wheezing/dyspnoea.This increases cardiac output and vascular permeability

K - rapid acting, short lived , metabolised in liver and excreted in kidneys.

Question 6

Chlorphenamine

Answer 6

D - binds to h1 receptors which blocks action of histamine .

K - absorbed by GI , metabolised in liver excreted by kidneys.

Question 7

Benzylpenicillin

Answer 7

D - binds to binding proteins within cytoplasmic membrane and inhibits synthesis of peptidoglycan in cell wall

K - IV/IM absorption , metabolised by liver and excreted renally.

Question 8

Hydrocortisone

Answer 8

D - Glucocorticoids bind to cytoplasmic receptors in target cells and either activates or deactivates the cell.It inhibits leukotrines and prostaglandins which stops inflammation and reduces vasodilation and oedema.

K - IV/IM , metabolised by liver excreted Renally

Question 9

Amiodarone

Answer 9

D - class 3 anti arrhythmic that extends action potential and refractory period in all parts of myocardium by blocking sodium and potassium channels , inhibits adrenergic receptors and decreases SA & AV node production.

K - IV , metabolised by liver excreted in urine and faeces

Question 10

GTN

Answer 10

D - the nitrates release nitric oxide causing veins smooth muscle to relax which lowers pre load and bp. If more is given both veins and arteries dilate also reducing after load making the hearts workload and 02 need reduced.

K - sublingual,buccal, metabolised in liver, excreted by kidneys

Question 11

Furosemide

Answer 11

D - acts on loop of Henley by inhibiting electrolyte absorption which removes water from the blood .

K - IV , metabolised by liver , excreted by kidneys

Question 12

Morphine

Answer 12

D - agonises opioid receptors in Cns (mu,delta,kappa) which opens potassium channels which hyperpolarises the cell causing pain relief , resp depression,euphoria and fatigue.

K - IV,IM/GI , metabolised by liver and excreted renally

Question 13

Entonox

Answer 13

D - nitrous oxide depresses CNS causing anaesthesia by releasing opioid peptide in brainstem

K - inhalation , not metabolised excreted by respiratory elimination

Question 14

Salbutamol

Answer 14

D - short acting b2 receptor against dilates and relaxes the smooth muscle which improves ventilation.

K - inhalation , Metabolised hepatically and excreted in urine

Question 15

Ipratropium bromide

Answer 15

D - Anticholinergic bronchodilator blocks muscarinic receptors found on lungs which inhibits acetylcholine and allows airways to open.

K - inhalation , metabolised by liver and excreted by kidneys

Question 16

Diazepam

Answer 16

D - acts on GABA receptors in brain which releases a natural neurotransmitter and causes a nerve calming effect

K - IV , PR metabolised by liver excreted by kidneys

Question 17

Atropine

Answer 17

D - cholinergic receptor antagonist which inhibits stimulation from parasympathetic nerve by blocking acetylcholine

K - IV , metabolised in liver and excreted by kidneys

Question 18

Paracetamol

Answer 18

D - inhibits prostaglandins formation which reduces frequency of pain signals.

K - GI tract, metabolised in liver and excreted by kidneys

Question 19

Ibuprofen

Answer 19

D- inhibits cox enzyme which inhibits prostaglandins synthesis which is the messenger molecule in inflammation response

K - gi tract , metabolised in liver and excreted by kidneys

Question 20

Ondansetron

Answer 20

D - 5-ht receptor antagonist within chemoreceptor trigger zone of the brain , which inhibits vomiting centre

K - IV,IM , metabolised by liver and excreted by kidneys

Question 21

Glucagon

Answer 21

D - binds to glucagon receptors in liver which stimulates gluconeogenesis by opening more channels in the cell

K - IM , metabolised in blood and liver , excreted renally .