Pharmacology-Dosage

Question 1

Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)

Answer 1

Adult:
Nebulizer:
2.5mg. Diluted in 0.5 mL in 0.5% solution for inhalation with 2.5 NS in nebulizer and administer over 10-15 minutes
MDI:
1-2 inhalations (90-180mcg) & wait 5 mins between inhalations
Pediatric:
<20kg:
1.25 mg/dose via handheld nebulizer or mask over 20 minutes, repeat once in 20 minutes
>20kg:
2.5mg/dose via handheld nebulizer or mask over 20 minutes, repeat once in 20 minutes

Question 2

Aspirin (ASA)

Answer 2

ADULT:

160-325 mg PO. 325-650 mg 4 hr. Max 4,000 mg daily.

Question 3

Epinephrine (Adrenalin)

Answer 3

ADULT:
I.V./I.O.= 1 MG (10 mL of 0.1 mg/mL of 1:10,000 solution. 3-5 mins during resuscitation, follow by 20mL flush
I.M.= 0.3-0.5 MG (0.3-0.5mL of 1mg/mL [1:1000]
E.T.= 2-2.5mg diluted in 10 mL of NS

Question 4

Fentanyl (Sublimaze)

Answer 4

ADULT:
IV/IM=50-100mcg (1mcg/kg) slow push (1-2 mins), MAX 150 mcg
IN=initially 100mcg, rapid push. Following manufacturer instructions for repeated dose and time

Question 5

Glucagon (GlucaGen)

Answer 5

ADULT:
Hypoglycemia: 
IM/IN=1mg, repeat in 7-10 min
PEDIATRIC:
Hypoglycemia:
IM/IN=1mg if >20kg
           0.5mg if <20kg or <5yrs

Question 6

Hydroxyzine (Atarax, Vistaril)

Answer 6

ADULT:
25-100 mg IM
PEDIATRIC:
0.5-1 mg/kg/dose IM

Question 7

Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)

Answer 7

Adult
I.M. 1-2 mg
I.V. 0.2-1 mg
P.O. 2-8 mg q 4-6 hrs
Pediatric
I.M. 0.8-2 mg
I.V. 0.2-0.6 mg

Question 8

Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)

Answer 8

Nebulizer 250-500 mcg up to 3 times 20 mins apart

Question 9

Levalbuterol (Xopenex)

Answer 9

ADULT 1.25-2.5 mg in 3 mL solution, doses separated by 20 min for a
max of 3
PEDIATRIC 0.075 mg/kg administer every 20 mins for max of 3 doses

Question 10

Meperidine Hydrochloride (Demerol)

Answer 10

Adults
I.V. 25-50 mg slow I.V
S.C. 50-100 mg
I.M. 50-100 mg
Pediatrics
I.V. 1-2mg/kg/dose
I.O. 1-2mg/kg/dose
S.C. 1-2mg/kg/dose
I.M. 1-2mg/kg/dose

Question 11

Metaproterenol Sulfate (Alupent)

Answer 11

ADULT 0.2-0.3 mL of 5% solution w/ 2.5 mL of normal saline

CHILDREN 0.1-0.2 mL of 5% solution w/ 3 mL of normal saline

Question 12

Morphine Sulfate (Roxanol, MS, Contin)

Answer 12

Adults
I.V. 2-4 mg slow ( over 1-5 min), repeat at 2-8 mg every 5-15 min
P.O 5-30 mg q 3-4 hr, prn
Children
I.V. I.M I.O. S.C 0.1-0.2 mg/kg/dose, max 5 mg

Question 13

Nalbuphine Hydrochloride (Nubain)

Answer 13

ADULT:
IV=2-5 mg slow admin, repeat 2 mg doses PRN, MAX 10 mg
PEDIATRIC:
Not recommended

Question 14

Naloxone Hydrochloride (Narcan)

Answer 14

I.V. Adult: 0.4-2mg, repeated q 5 min prn
Child:0.01 mg/kg, repeated q 5 min prn
I.M. Adult: 0.4-2mg, repeated q 5 min prn
Child:0.01 mg/kg, repeated q 5 min prn
I.N. Adult: 2-4mg, repeated q 5 min prn
Child: same as adult
S.C. Adult: 0.4-2mg, repeated q 5 min prn
Child: 0.01 mg/kg, repeated q 5 min prn
MAX= 10 mg, adult
MAX= 2 mg, pediatric

Question 15

PO glucose

Answer 15

Adults/children:
10-20g, repeated in 10-20 min, as needed
15-37.5g or ½-1 tube (Glutose 15)

Question 16

Nitroglycerin ( Nitrostat, Nitro-Bid, Tridil)

Answer 16

ADULT:
0.4 mg, SL, repeat q 3-5 min, MAX 3 doses
IV= 10mcg/min, increase 10mcg/min q 3-5 min until desired effect, MAX 200 mcg/min

Question 17

Thiamine Hydrochloride (B-12 vitamin, Biamine, Thiamiject)

Answer 17

To treat berberi:
Adults:5-10 mg t.i.d.
Children and infants: 10 mg/day
To treat Wernicke’s encephalopathy:
Adults: 100 mg initially. Maintain 50-100 mg daily until desired
level is reached.

Question 18

25% Dextrose

Answer 18

Neonate/Infant (<6 months)
0.25-0.5 g/kg/dose (maximum: 25 g/dose)
Children older >6 months
0.5-1 g/kg/dose (maximum: 25 g/dose)

Question 19

50% Dextrose

Answer 19

Adult:
12.5-25g slow intravenous infusion, repeated as necessary
Pediatric:
0.5-1g/kg per dose, via slow intravenous infusion, repeated as necessary

Question 20

Midazolam (Versed)

Answer 20

ADULT
	Seizures:
I.M./I.N. 0.2 mg/kg maximum of 10 mg;
	I.V. 0.1 mg/kg, maximum of 4 mg
	Chemical restraint:
	I.V./I.M/I.N. 5 mg 
	Procedural sedation:
	I.V.  0.5-2.5 mg
	PEDIATRIC
Seizures:
I.V./I.M. 0.1-0.3 mg/kg, maximum of 10 mg
I.N. 0.2 mg/kg
	Procedural sedation:
	I.V.  0.05-0.1 mg/kg
	Chemical restraint:
	I.V. 0.05-0.1 mg/kg
	I.M. 0.1-0.15 mg/kg
	I.N. 0.3 mg/kg

Question 21

Diazepam (Valium)

Answer 21

ADULT
Anxiety:
I.M./I.V. 2-10 mg
Seizure:
I.M. 10 mg
I.V. 5 mg over 5 minutes
Premedication for cardioversion:
I.V. 5-15 mg over 5-10 mins
PEDIATRIC
Seizure:
I.V. 0.05-0.1 mg/kg slow infusion
I.M. 0.1-2 mg/kg

Question 22

Lorazepam (Ativan)

Answer 22

ADULT
Anxiety/sedation:
I.V. 2 mg
I.M. 4 mg
Seizures:
I.V. 0.1 mg/kg, for max dose of 4 mg
PEDIATRIC
I.V./I.M. 0.05 mg/kg

Question 23

Propofol (Diprivan)

Answer 23

ADULT
I.V./I.O. :
Initial 1.5-3 mg/kg
Maintenance 25-75 mcg/kg/min
PEDIATRIC
I.V./I.O. :
Initial 2.5-3.5 mg/kg
Maintenance 125-300 mcg/kg/min

Question 24

Flumazenil (Romazicon)

Answer 24

ADULTS
I.V./I.O. :
1st dose 0.2 mg over 15 secs
2nd dose 0.3 mg over 30 secs
3rd dose 0.5 mg over 30 secs
If no response repeat once q min until response or until 3 mg is given
PEDIATRIC
Not recommended