Pharmacology CV

Question 1

Which neurotransmitters have sympathetic and Parasympathetic effects?

Answer 1

Sympathetic: NE, ACh, Dopamine

Parasympathetic: ACh

Question 2

What are the binding tendencies for alpha and beta receptors of NE and E?

Answer 2

NE: binds a1=a2. And B1 more than B2

E: binds a1=a2 and B1=B2

Question 3

What do A1 Agonists do?

Answer 3

Peripheral Vasoconstriction that causes a baroreceptor Reflex bradycardia.

Increases the force of contraction in the heart

Question 4

What do systemic a2 Agonists do?

Answer 4

Bind to the neuron and stop NE release.

Results in a lowered BP

Question 5

A2 Agonist Drugs

MOA

Indications

ADR

Contraindications?

Answer 5

A-Methyldopa, Clonidine

MOA: Decrease sympathetic and lower BP
-Vasodialator, and decrease in HR by lower NE

Indications: HTN, use a-Methyldopa if pregnant

ADR: ED, Hepatotoxicity

Contraindications: no a-methyldopa with liver problems or over 65 years old.

Question 6

What are the effects of B1 agonists?

Answer 6

Increase CO and Renin production

Question 7

B1 Selective Agonist

MOA

Indications

ADR

Contraindications?

Answer 7

Dobutamine

Direct inotropic agent that stimulates B-receptors of the heart. More inotropic than chronograph effects

Indications: Heart failure, Decrease CO, Cardiogenic Shock

ADR: HTN, Tachyarrythmia

Contraindications: Corn allergies, Sulfite Sensitivity

Question 8

What is the one B2-selective agonists?

Answer 8

Albuterol

Question 9

What are the Nonselective B-agonists?

B1 and B2 effects?

Indications

ADR

Contraindications?

Answer 9

Isoproterenol

B1: + inotropic and chronotropic and increase contractility and CO.
B2: Vasodilation and Bronchodilation

Indications: Brachyarrhythmia, Heart Block, Cardiac Arrest, CHF, Bronchospasm

ADR: Tachyarrhythmia

Contraindications: Digitalis-induced Tachycardia (foxgloves)

Question 10

What are the effects of B Antagonists?

Indications?

Answer 10

Negative inotropic and chronotropic, lower BP

Lung: Bronchoconstriction (danger with asthma and COPD)

Metabolism: inhibit lypolysis, inhibit glycogenolysis, increase VLDL decrease HDL

Indications: HTN, Ischemic Heart Disease, Cardiac arrhythmia, Heart failure

Question 11

Which B-blockers are good for Heart Failure?

Answer 11

Metoprolol, Carvedilol, Bisoprolol

Question 12

Which drugs lower BP but only modestly lower HR

Answer 12

Partial Agonists

Pindolol, Acebutolol, Carteolol, Penbutolol

Question 13

Which drugs block B1, B2, and a1

What are the contraindications?

Answer 13

Carvedilol
Labetalol

Asthma, COPD, 3rd degree AV block.

Labetalol may cause liver damage.

Question 14

Which drug is used for rapid BP control and thyroid storm?

Does it block B1 or B2 more?

Answer 14

Esmolol

Blocks more B1

Question 15

Which B blockers are safer for asthma?

Do they block B1 or B2

Answer 15

Metoprolol, Atenolol, Betaxolol, Nevivolol

They block more B1

Question 16

Which drugs are NOT selective Beta blockers?

Where are they contraindicated

When are they indicated?

Answer 16

Propranolol, Nadolol, Timolol, Metapranolol, Penbutolol,, Carteolol

Contraindications: Severe sinus bradycardia, asthma, COPD

Indications: HTN, Angina Pectoris, Arrhythmias

Question 17

Which drug is B1 selective w/ intrinsic activity?

Answer 17

Acebutolol

Question 18

Which drugs are B1 selective?

Answer 18

Atenolol, Metoprolol, Nebivolol, Betaxolol, Esmolol

Question 19

What are the effects of a1 antagonists

Answer 19

Hypotension, reflex tachycardia

Question 20

What are a-1 blocker drugs?

MOA?

Indications

ADR

Answer 20

Prazosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin

MOA: Block a1, lower BP, vasodilation, lower peripheral resistance

Indications: HTN, Benign prostatic hyperplasia

ADR: Orthostatic HTN, (be careful rising from sitting/lying)