Pharmacology chapter 1-3

Question 1

Pharmacology

Answer 1

The study of medicine; how drugs improve the health of the human body

Question 2

Where is pharmacology derived from

Answer 2

From greek words; pharmakon meaning medicine, and logos meaning study.

Question 3

Pharmakon

Answer 3

Medicine

Question 4

Logos

Answer 4

Study of

Question 5

Pathophysiology

Answer 5

Study of diseases and the functional changes occuring in the body as a result of diseases

Question 6

Therapeutics

Answer 6

Branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of disease and suffering

Question 7

Health Care Providers

Answer 7

Group of occupations that are allowed to prescribe meds or work in direct contact with patients or other providers.

Question 8

Pharmacotherapeutics

Answer 8

Use of medicine to treat disease

Question 9

Drugs

Answer 9

Chemical agents that produce biologic responses in the body and can be considered a part of the body’s normal activities.

Question 10

Biologics

Answer 10

Agents naturally produced in animal cells, in microorganisms, or by the body itself.

Question 11

Natural alternative therapies

Answer 11

Herbs, natural extracts, vitamins, minerals, or dietary supplements

Question 12

Pharmaceutics

Answer 12

Science of preparing and dispensing drugs and is a very important part of pharmacotherapy.

Question 13

Therapeutic classification

Answer 13

Drugs that are categorized by therapeutic usefulness.

Question 14

Pharmacologic classification

Answer 14

How drugs work pharmacologically

Question 15

Mechanism of action

Answer 15

How the medication produces its effects within the body

Question 16

Prototype drug

Answer 16

Original drug model from which other medications in a pharmacologic class have been developed.

Question 17

Chemical name

Answer 17

Is assigned using standard nomenclature established by the IUPAC. A drug has only one chemical name and is very complicated and difficult to pronounce.

Question 18

Generic name

Answer 18

Assigned by the US adopted name council, less complicated and easier to remember.

Question 19

Trade name

Answer 19

Assigned by the company marketing the drug. Usually selected to be snappy and easy to remember. Also called the proprietary, product, or brand name.

Question 20

Combination drugs

Answer 20

Contain more than one active generic ingredient. Makes it difficult to match one generic name with one product name.

Question 21

Bioavailability

Answer 21

The physiologic ability of the drug to reach its target cells and produce its effect.

Question 22

Controlled substance

Answer 22

A drug restricted by the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 and later revisions

Question 23

Restricted drugs

Answer 23

Drugs used in the course of a chemical or analytical procedure for medical, laboratory, industrial, educational, or research purposes.

Question 24

Allergic reaction

Answer 24

An acquired hyper-response of body defenses to a foreign substance (allergen)

Question 25

Signs of allergic reaction

Answer 25

Vary in severity and include skin rash with or without itching, edema, nausea, diarrhea, runny nose, or reddened eyes with tearing.

Question 26

Anaphylaxis

Answer 26

Severe type of allergic reaction in which massive amounts of histamine and other chemical mediators of inflammation are released throughout the body. Can lead to life threatening shock

Question 27

Symptoms of anaphylaxis

Answer 27

Severe shortness of breath, sudden drop in blood pressure, and tachycardia. Requires immediate attention

Question 28

Six rights of drug administration

Answer 28

Right patient, right medication, right dose, right route of administration, right time of delivery, right documentation. In addition, right to refuse medication, right to receive drug education, right preparation.

Question 29

Three checks of drug administration

Answer 29

Check drug with the MAR (medication administration record) Check drug when preparing it, pouring it, taking it out of the unit dose container, or connecting the IV tubing to the bag. Check drug before administering to pt.

Question 30

Routine orders

Answer 30

Usually carried out within 2 hrs of the time the order is written by physician, exact timing is defined by each facility.

Question 31

Standing order

Answer 31

Written in advance of a situation and should be carried out under specific circumstances.

Question 32

Metric system

Answer 32

Most common system of drug measurement.

Question 33

Apothecary and household system

Answer 33

Older systems of measurement

Question 34

MAR

Answer 34

Medication administration record

Question 35

Enteral route

Answer 35

Includes drugs given orally and those administered through nasogastric (NG) or gastrostomy tubes

Question 36

Enteric coated

Answer 36

Hard waxy coating covering tablet that protects the medicine from acidity. Designed to dissolve in alkaline environment of small intestine.

Question 37

Transmucosal

Answer 37

Nasal route of drug delivery used for both local and systemic drug administration.

Question 38

Astringent effect

Answer 38

Drops or sprays used through the nose to shrink swollen mucous membranes or to loosen secretions and facilitate drainage.

Question 39

Parenteral route

Answer 39

Delivers drugs via a needle into the skin layers, subcutaneous tissue, muscles, or veins. Needle is inserted at different degrees depending on the type of injection.

Question 40

Intradermal (ID) route

Answer 40

Injection is administered into the dermis layer of the skin at a 10-15 degree angle.

Question 41

Intramuscular administration

Answer 41

Drug is injected into muscle at 90 degree angle

Question 42

Subcutaneous administration

Answer 42

Inserted into the subcutaneous tissue at 45 degree angle

Question 43

Intravenous administration

Answer 43

Directly into the bloodstream at a 25 degree angle