Pharmacology Chap 4,5

Question 1

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

Focuses on how drugs move within the body. Which includes four processes; absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Question 2

Absorption

Answer 2

Process involving the movement of a substance from its site of administration across one or more body membranes.

Question 3

Distribution

Answer 3

Process by which drugs are transported after they have been absorbed or administered directly into the bloodstream.

Question 4

Metabolism

Answer 4

The total of all chemical reactions in the body. Metabolism occurs in every cell and organ including intestinal tract and kidneys but the liver is the primary site.

Question 5

Biotransformation reactions

Answer 5

Chemical conversion of drugs from one form to another that may result in increased or decreased activity.

Question 6

Prodrugs

Answer 6

the products formed by the breakdown of metabolism produce a more intense response than does the original drug.

Question 7

First-pass effect

Answer 7

Drugs given orally are absorbed through the intestinal wall and enter the hepatic portal circulation. Absorbed drugs are taken directly to the liver for metabolism before reaching the heart and circulating throughout the rest of the body.

Question 8

Excretion

Answer 8

Most substances that enter the body are removed by urination, exhalation, defecation, and or sweating.

Question 9

Enterohepatic recirculation

Answer 9

Bile is circulated back to the liver where contained drugs are metabolized and then excreted by the kidneys. Elimination of drugs through the bile may result in prolonged drug action.

Question 10

Half-life (t 1/2)

Answer 10

The length of time required for a drug’s concentration in the plasma to decrease by one half. Example a drug with a half-life of 10 hrs will take longer to be eliminated from the body than a drug with a half-life of 5 hrs.

Question 11

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 11

Deals with the mechanisms of drug action, or how the drug exerts its effects.

Question 12

Receptor theory

Answer 12

Classic theory referring to the cellular mechanism by which most drugs can change body processes.

Question 13

Receptor

Answer 13

Any structural component of a cell to which a drug binds in a dose-related manner. Receptors can be located on the plasma membrane, or in the cytoplasm or nucleus of the cell.

Question 14

Agonists

Answer 14

Drugs capable of binding with receptors and causing a cellular response; these are facilitators of cellular action.

Question 15

Antagonists

Answer 15

Drugs that inhibit or block the responses of agonists. Antagonists are called blockers.

Question 16

Potency

Answer 16

Refers to a drugs strength at a certain concentration or dose.

Question 17

Efficacy

Answer 17

The ability of a drug to produce a more intense response as its concentration is increased.

Question 18

Nursing process

Answer 18

A systematic method of problem solving, forms the foundation of all nursing practice.

Question 19

Assessment

Answer 19

Systematic collection, organization, validation and documentation of patient data

Question 20

Nursing diagnosis

Answer 20

Clinical judgement of a patient’s actual or potential health problem that is within the nurse’s scope of practice to address.

Question 21

Etiologies

Answer 21

Conditions that have caused or contributed to the problem.

Question 22

Interventions

Answer 22

Actions that the nurse takes to achieve patient goals.

Question 23

Planning phase

Answer 23

Nurse prioritizes diagnoses, formulates desired goals, and selects nursing interventions. Two main steps are too identify desired goal or outcome to be achieved, and the specific criteria that will be used to determine if the goal has been met.

Question 24

Implementation phase

Answer 24

Nurse applies the knowledge, skills, and principles of nursing care to help move the pt toward the desired goal and optimal wellness.

Question 25

Evaluation phase

Answer 25

Compares the patient’s current health status with the desired outcome to determine if the plan of care is appropriate or if it needs revision.