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FINAL REVIEW'S > Pharmacology ch. 1-16 review > Flashcards

Pharmacology ch. 1-16 review Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE OR FALSE; an example of a palliative drug is estrogen

A

False a palliative drug helps relieve symptoms or make a patients comfortable for example a fever reducer is an example of a palliative drug.

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2
Q

What is the source of barbiturates?

A

Synthetic

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3
Q

Which of the following is a replacement drug

A

Synthroid

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4
Q

What is the source of potassium chloride?

A

minerals

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5
Q

What alternative medicine involves the use of hand movements to stimulate circulation and healing

A

therapeutic touch

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6
Q

What obstacle was needed to be overcome to provide penicillin to soldiers during WWII

A

Production of penicillin in large amounts

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7
Q

The ______________________ is responsible for protecting the public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, and medical devices;

A

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

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8
Q

__________ enforces the controlled substances laws and regulations of the United States

A

DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration)

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9
Q

accredits and certifies more than 22,000 health care organizations and programs in the United States

A

Joint commission

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10
Q

lets some substances, such as water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and general anesthetics, pass into the brain.

A

Blood- brain barrier

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11
Q

regulate material transfer between the maternal and fetal circulation

A

Blood-placental barriers

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12
Q

Schedule I drugs

A

No accepted medical use in the U.S

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13
Q

________drugs Has a currently accepted medical use; may have severe restrictions

A

Schedule II

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14
Q

The statute establishing federal U.S. drug policy under which the manufacture, importation, possession, use, and distribution of certain substances is regulated

A

Controlled substance ACT

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15
Q

7 rights of drug administration

A

1.Right patient, 2.Right drug, 3. Right dose, 4. Right time, 5. Right route, 6.Right technique, 7. right documentation

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16
Q

A prescription must contain

A

Date, Physician’s name, contact information, and DEA number, Patients name, address, and date of birth,Name of drug, dosage, and quantity dispensed, signature, subscription(refill)

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17
Q

Drug label contains

A

Strength of drug dispensed, dosage form, amount of drug dispensed, Warning labels, The manufacturer, refill info, The prescribers name, and expiration date.

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18
Q

What is the formula for a manual IV drip rate

A

V/T x D = R

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19
Q

Apothecary

A

Druggist or pharmacist

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20
Q

System of weighing or measuring articles in which 7,000 grains equal 1 pound.

A

Avoirdupois

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21
Q

Household

A

Measuring system used by laypersons, NOT apothecaries, in their home

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22
Q

measurement system based on grams for weight, liters for liquid, and meters for distance.

A

metric

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23
Q

what are the metric system prefixes?

A

Deci-, centi-, Mili-, Micro-,Kilo-

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24
Q

When medication is hung above another intravenous line and delivered before the line is allowed to drip in

A

piggybacking

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25
Q

removing air from an intravenous line by allowing fluid to flow through it.

A

priming

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26
Q

in relation to intravenous (IV) therapy, opening an IV bag with a sharp device (Spike) to allow fluid to flow out of the bag.

A

Spiking

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27
Q

Any liquid substance (other than blood) introduced into the body for therapeutic purposes, such as by metered-dose bronchodilators in the treatment of asthma.

A

Infusion

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28
Q

IV push (IVP)

A

Inject quickly, not drip, a small amount of medication into an intravenous line.

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29
Q

Granules or coarse powders containing medicinal agents + tartaric acid or sodium bicarbonate

A

Effervescent salts

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30
Q

Sweetened, aromatic, hydroalcoholic liquid used when compounding oral medication

A

Elixirs

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31
Q

ETOH

A

ethyl alcohol

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32
Q

Mixtures of two liquids not mutually soluble

A

Emulsions

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33
Q

liquid and fine particles in water.

A

magma

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34
Q

powders

A

finely grounded medications

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35
Q

medications are evenly distributed (NO NEED TO SHAKE)

A

solutions

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36
Q

medications may not me evenly distributed (MUST SHAKE)

A

suspension

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37
Q

medications that are added to highly sweetened liquid

A

syrups

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38
Q

Butterfly needles use what size gauge

A

21-25

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39
Q

Angiocath needles (Straight needle) uses what size gauge?

A

14-22

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40
Q

What would an intradermal injection be used for?

A

TB and allergy testing

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41
Q

What are the sites of intradermal injections?

A

inner forearm, or upper back

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42
Q

What is the insertion angle for intradermal injections

A

10-15 degrees (Do not aspirate for blood)

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43
Q

are injected into the muscle, has quick absorption into blood stream.

A

Intramuscular injections

44
Q

What are intramuscular injections used for

A

Antibiotics, pain medications, immunizations.

45
Q

What size is the needle for intramuscular injections

A

1-2 inches in length and 20-23 in gauge

46
Q

what is the angle insertion for IM injections

A

90 degree angle

47
Q

IM infection sites

A

Deltoid, ventrogluteal, Vastus, Lateralis

48
Q

_______ is the method of IM injections used when medication is irritating the skin, The medication main stain the skin.

A

Z-track.

49
Q

Subcutaneous injections

A

Medications placed in FAT layer under the skin. medications are absorbed more slowly than IM.

50
Q

What are SC injections used to administer?

A

Heparin and insulin.

51
Q

What are the SC injection sites?

A

Fleshy parts of the upper arm , abdomen and thigh.

52
Q

why is it important to rotate sites (pertaining to SC injections)

A

It prevents accumulation of medication in one area.

53
Q

What is the SC needle size and what is the insertion angle.

A

25-27 gauge, 3/8- 5/8 inches long; 45 degree angle

54
Q

Integumentary Structure

A

Hair, skin, and nails.

55
Q

What is the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

A

The sympathetic nervous system controls the flight or fight response, while the parasympathetic helps the body to rest and relax.

56
Q

What is another term for Sympathomimetics?

A

Adrenergic agonist

57
Q

What is the difference between Sympathomimetics and Parasympathomimetics?

A

Sympathomimetics are used when the body needs to be excited; while parasympathomimetics relaxes the fight or flight mechanism.

58
Q

What foods can should be avoided when taking MAOI?

A

Foods high in tyramine.(aged cheese, aged meats, and fermented foods)

59
Q

Increase tear production.

A

Immunodulators

60
Q

Used to diagnose corneal defects caused by infection or injury (used to find foreign objects ie, stains objects green)

A

Staining agents

61
Q

Relax ciliary muscle and dilate pupils for internal eye examination.

A

Cycloplegic mydratics.

62
Q

Used to remove foreign objects, blink reflex impaired.

A

Ophthalmic anesthetic agents

63
Q

Sclera

A

Hard layer protecting the outer eye

64
Q

Regulates light entering eye

A

Iris

65
Q

Black hole in iris through which light passes

A

pupil

66
Q

Watery fluid in anterior chamber of eye

A

Aqueous humor

67
Q

Clear structure covering iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.

A

Cornea

68
Q

Thick fluid in posterior chamber

A

Vitreous humor

69
Q

Light sensitive tissue at back of eye

A

Retina

70
Q

Rods

A

Black and white vision

71
Q

Cones

A

Color vision

72
Q

sends inverted images to brain for interpretation

A

optic nerve

73
Q

used to measure pressure in eye IOP (increased intraocular pressure) leads to blindness

A

Tonometer

74
Q

Actions of insulin

A

Decreases blood glucose

75
Q

CNS

A

Central nervous system; contains the brain and spinal cord

76
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nervous system; contains autonomic nervous system (Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system)

77
Q

Alignments that originate in the brain

A

Cerebral palsy. stroke, and multiple sclerosis

78
Q

Alignment that originate in the muscle tissue

A

Muscle injuries, Muscular dystrophy

79
Q

Muscular symptoms

A

Muscle spasms and dystonia(abnormal tension)

80
Q

treatment to Muscular symptoms

A

Muscle relaxants, Antispasmodics(and ones that work on the muscle itself)

81
Q

What type of medication is cyclobenzaprine (flexeril)?

A

Muscle relaxant

82
Q

TRUE or FALSE; if a patient is experiencing muscle spasms you would prescribe them with metaxalone (Skelaxin)

A

TRUE; Skelaxin is an example of an antispasmodic which in this case the patient needs to relieve their muscle spasms.

83
Q

If a patient has been taking Flexeril but the medication has not been as effective for the patient what can be prescribed to maximize the effectiveness of the medication?

A

Benzodiazepines (Valium)

84
Q

Toxic substance that causes food poisoning; lower doses act by paralyzing muscle, used to treat chronic migraines, limb spasticity, abnormal head position and neck pain.

A

Botulinum toxin type A (Botox)

85
Q

progressive autoimmune disease that causes fatigue and weakness and loss of acetylcholine receptors causing break down in communication between nerves and muscles.

A

Myasthenia gravis

86
Q

Treatment to Myasthenia gravis

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors such as neostigmine to Facilitate acetycholine accumulation (no cure but treatment can reduce symptoms.)

87
Q

Disorder of chronic pain in muscles and soft tissue surrounding joints, rheumatological and is difficult to manage.

A

fibromyalgia

88
Q

Decreasing contributory factors, Physical therapy, Antidepressants, Anti-inflammatory medications, Trigger point injections, Narcotic anaglesics.

A

treatment to fibromyalgia

89
Q

What is the most common form of glaucoma that is treat with medications early diagnosis?

A

Primary open-angle glaucoma.

90
Q

When the iris is too small, covers up drainage canals and requires surgical correction is an example of?

A

Acute- closure glaucoma (acute or narrow-angle glaucoma)

91
Q

optic nerve damaged even though pressure net elevated signifigantly, treated with lowering eye pressure through medication or surgery

A

Normal tension glaucoma

92
Q

Which medication decreases the production of intraocular fluid and (in lower doses) have no systemic effect

A

Beta blockers

93
Q

Betaxolol HCL (Betoptic S) is an example of a

A

Beta blocker

94
Q

Timolol maleate (Istalol) is a

A

Beta blocker

95
Q

Decreases production and increases drainage of aqueous humor, mild effect on cardiovascular and respiratory system

A

Alpha blockers

96
Q

If a patient needs a medication that would help drain the aqueous humor which would be the best medication?
A. Albuterol
B. Apraclondine HCL (Lopidine)
C.Betacolol HCL (Betopic S)

A

B; Apraclondine HCL (Lopidine) is an example of an alpha blocker which is used to decrease the production and increase the drainage of the aqueous humor

97
Q

What are other examples of alpha blockers

A

Brimonidine tartrate (Alphagan P)

98
Q

Increase the outflow of the aqueous humor by dilating blood vessels side effects: change in pigmentation of iris (color of the eye)

A

Prostaglandins

99
Q

TRUE or FALSE; Bimatoprost (Lumigan), Latanoprost (Xalatan), and Travoprost (Travatan Z) are all examples of Prostaglandins

A

TRUE

100
Q

increase the outflow of aqueous humor and constrict the pupil, some are cholinergic agonist, decrease IOP.

A

Miotics

101
Q

TRUE OR FALSE; Pilocarpine HCL (Isoto Carpine, Pilocarpine HCL Ophthalmic Solution USP), carbachol (Isopto Carbachol), and pilocarpine HCL gel 4% (Pilopine H S Gel). are all examples of miotics

A

TRUE

102
Q

decrease production of intraocular fluid, topical or systemic use.

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

103
Q

If a patient is producing too much intraocular fluid what medication would be best for them?

A

Acetazolamide (Diamox and sequels); they are examples of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors which decrease production of intraocular fluid.

104
Q

used for eye surgery to decrease amount of aqueous humor rapidly,

A

osmotic diuretics

105
Q

Paul is receiving eye surgery what medication would the anesthesiologist use to decrease the amount of aqueous humor?

A

Glycerin (Osmoglyn, Ophthalgan Solution)

FINAL REVIEW'S (6 decks)

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