pharmacology block B

Question 1

name muscarinic blocker drops

Answer 1

tropicamide
cyclopentolate
atropine

Question 2

MOA of muscarinic blocker eye drops

Answer 2

dilating pupil

Question 3

name alpha adrenergic eye drops

Answer 3

phenylephrine
adrenaline
dipivefrine

Question 4

MOA alpha adrenergic eye dos

Answer 4

dilating pupil

Question 5

name muscarinitc agonist eye drops

Answer 5

pilocarpine

Question 6

MOA of muscarinitc agonist eye drops

Answer 6

constricting pupil

Question 7

NICE guidelines for primary open angle glaucoma management

Answer 7

First line: prostaglandin analogues

Second line: beta blockers, carbonic anhydrate inhibitors or sympathomimétique

If advanced: surgery or laser treatment

Question 8

name tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 8

amitriptyline
clomipramine
dosulepin 
doxepin 
imipramine

Question 9

MOA of TCA

Answer 9

SERT (serotonin reuptake inhibition)
NET (noradrenaline reuptake inhibition)
5HT2A antagonism

Question 10

SE of TCA

Answer 10

lethal in overdose
lower seizure threshold
cardiotoxic (prolonged QT interval)
anticholinergic effects (blurred vision, dry mouth)
anti histamine effects (sedation, weight gain)
urinary retention (overflow incontinence)

Question 11

name SSRIs

Answer 11

sertraline 
paroxetine 
citolampram 
dapoxetine 
escitalopram 
fluoxetine

Question 12

SE of SSRIs

Answer 12

GI upset 
sexual dysfunction 
anxiety 
restlessness 
arrhythmias
withdrawal

Question 13

interactions of drugs with SSRIs

Answer 13

NSAIDs (give PPI)
warfarin/heparin 
aspirin 
triptans 
MAOIs

Question 14

Name SNRIs

Answer 14

venlafaxine
bupropion hydrochloride
duloxetine
naltrexone with bupropion

Question 15

name MOAIs

Answer 15

Selegiline

Question 16

SE of MOAIs

Answer 16

orthostatic hypotension
weight gain, sedation, sexual dysfunction
hypertensive crisis if taken with tyramine rich foods

Question 17

med used to deter patient from drinking alcohol

Answer 17

disulfiram

Question 18

name and class of drugs that reduce alcohol cravings

Answer 18

NMDA receptor antagonist

acomprosate, naltrexone

Question 19

name acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Answer 19

donepezil
galantamine
rivastigmine

Question 20

NMDA receptor blocker for Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 20

memantine

Question 21

what do you check before starting dementia meds

Answer 21

ECG (HR, conduction abnormalities)

U&Es (memantine is reno toxic)

Question 22

different groups of ADHD meds and names of drugs

Answer 22

ritalin (methylphenidate)
adderall
dexedrine (dextroamphetamine)

Question 23

MOA of stimulants used in ADHD

Answer 23

increase noradrenaline and dopamine

Question 24

SE of ADHD stimulant meds

Answer 24

poor appetite and weight loss 
spaciness or too serious 
rebound irritability 
tics
hallucinations

Question 25

MOA of levodopa

Answer 25

precursor of dopamine + needs to be given with peripheral dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor (i.e. carbidopa) --> treats bradykinesia and rigidity mainly

Question 26

SE of levodopa

Answer 26

- nausea, drowsiness, confusion, hallucinations ,hypotension - wearing off effect - dyskinesia

Question 27

what is the on-off effect

Answer 27

rapid and unpredictable fluctuations between 'on' and 'off' periods occurs when you have both dyskinesia and wearing off effect

Question 28

indications for antipsychotics

Answer 28

- schizophrenia - schizoaffective disorders - bipolar disorder - severe depression with psychosis - BPSD

Question 29

side effects of antipsychotics

Answer 29

- EPSE: dystonia, pseudo parkinsonism, akathisia, tar dive dyskinesia - anti histaminergic: weight gain, metabolic syndrome, blurred vision, sedation, - anti-cholinergic: constipation, dry mouth - anti adrenergic: postural hypotension, - high prolactin

Question 30

name typical antipsychotics

Answer 30

``` haloperidol sulpiride pimozide fluphenazine chlorpromazine thiodiazine ```

Question 31

atypical antipsychotics names

Answer 31

``` risperidone olanzepine clozapine quetiapine aripiprazole ```

Question 32

side effects of all atypical antipsychotics

Answer 32

weight gain | hyperprolactinaemia

Question 33

SE of risperidone

Answer 33

``` EPSE postural hypotension sexual dysfunction sedation weight gain hyperprolactinaemia ```

Question 34

SE quitiapine

Answer 34

weight gain dyslipidaemia postural hypotension

Question 35

SE olanzepine

Answer 35

dyslipideamia weight gain diabetes sedation

Question 36

clozapine SE

Answer 36

``` constipation/intestinal obstruction agranulocytosis increases risk of seizure sedation, weight gain, deranged LFTs hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, hyperglycaemia ```

Question 37

symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Answer 37

tetrad: - hyperthermia - muscle rigidity - autonomic instability - altered mental status

Question 38

different classes of mood stabilisers

Answer 38

- lithium - anticonvulsants (sodium valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine) - antipsychotics

Question 39

bisphosphonate name

Answer 39

alendrotnic acid | zoledronate

Question 40

MOA bisphosphonate

Answer 40

- inhibition of osteoclastic activity - decrease osteoclast progenitor development and recruitment - promote osteoclast apoptosis - reduces bone resorption overall

Question 41

indication bisphosphonate

Answer 41

osteoporotic fragility fractures severe hypercalcaemia of malignancy myeloma and great cancer with bone metastases Paget's disease

Question 42

name of stimulant groups used in ADHD

Answer 42

ritalin adderall dexedrine

Question 43

MOA of stimulant ADHD meds

Answer 43

increase noradrenaline and dopamine

Question 44

MOA of sodium valproate

Answer 44

increases GABA activity

Question 45

SE of sodium valproate

Answer 45

``` increased appetite and weight gain alopecia: regrowth may be curly P450 enzyme inhibitor ataxia tremor hepatitis pancreatitis thrombocytopaenia teratogenic (neural tube defects) ```

Question 46

MOA of carbamazepine

Answer 46

binds to sodium channels increasing refractory period

Question 47

MOA of allopurinol

Answer 47

xanthine oxidase inhibitor