Pharmacology: Anticoagulants, Chemotherapyantibiotics Flashcards
Ancrod is a defibrinogenating agent derived from venom. What is it not recommended for use?
Associated with severe bleeding
Antifungal are targeted to fungal cell wall. Name some. What can these cause?
Amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconozole, itraconazole, metronidazole, voriconazole; can case nephrotoxicity
Bacterial cell wall inhibitors are used to treat gram negative bugs.
- Vancomycin
- Monolactum
- Cabapenam
- Penicillins, cephalosporins, bacitracin
Can you give Heparin for Type I or Type II?
onCPB for Type 1
For type 2, only if they haven’t received heparin in the last 90 days
Can you give platelets for Type II?
No
DNA inhibitors block DNA gyrase and DNA synthesis. Name some
Quinolones, fluroquinolones, metronidazole
DO NOT USE _______ with a topical irrigation of antibiotics, collagen implants, etc…
Cell saver
The dose of DTI is adjusted by achieving a _______ of ______
- PTT; 60-80 secds or
2. a PTT of 1.5-2.5x the pts baseline aPTT
Fibrinolytics and thrombolytics are used to treat what?
Acute MI or PE
Fibrinolytics and thrombolytics convert ______ to ______, enhancing fibrolyisis
Plasminogen, plasmin
Give some examples of Glycoproteins IIb/IIIa? When should you stop use B4SX?
- Abciximab (Reopro): 72 hours
- Eptifibatide (Integrillin): 24 hours
- Tirofiban (Aggrastat): 24 Hour
Give some examples of gram negative bacteria
S. aureus (skin), S. epidermis (surgery wounds, indwelling catheters), Group A beta hemolytic streptococus (strep throat, rheumatic fever)
Glucagon ______ glucose levels and insulin _____ glucose level. (increase or decrease)
Increases, decreases
Glycoproteins ______ the fibrinogen/ GB IIb/IIIa receptor
antagonizes
Glycoproteins IIb/IIIa inhibitors are used to prevent platelet _____ and ______ formation?
Aggregation, thrombus
These Hirudins have the highest affinity for _____ and work by inhibiting ______ of protein C.
Thrombin, thrombin activation
How common is HIT?
3% of Sx
How does Glucagon help Tx hypoglycemia?
- It promotes glycogenolysis & glyconeogenesis
2. Also can be used in heart failure due to excessive beta blockage
How does Protamine reverse Heparin?
It neutralizes it by combing to heparin to form an inert salt
How does warfarin work?
An anticoagulant; it’s a vitamin K antagonic that causes reduction of synthesis of factors: 2, 7, 9, 10
How fast should you give protamine?
1mg/kg or 20 mg per 60 second period
How is Argatroban eliminated?
hepatic
How many days should a patient stop using Clopidogrel (plavix) before surgery? Tricildopine?
- 7 days
2. 4 days
How much will 1 unit of insulin decrease glucose by?
25-30mg/dL