Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Boards Review > Chemistry for Perfusion > Flashcards

Chemistry for Perfusion Flashcards

1
Q

What is normal magnesium level? Where does it occur?

A

1.5-2.5 mEq/L, in cells and bones, is coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism (need to make ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anions are what?

A

Negative ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are myocardial cells more dependent on extracellular calcium for contraction than skeletal muscles?

A

yes, ionized Ca will influence the force of myocardial contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cations are what?

A

position ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Do colloids ionize into solutions?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

During primary active transport how many ATP are used to move sodium out and how many K into a cell

A

1 ATP, 3 Na, 2K+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Extracellular fluid makes up what percentage of total body weight?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do kidneys compensate for metabolic alkalosis?

A
  1. Decrease H+ excretion
  2. Increase HCO3- excretion Diomax
  3. Decreased HCO3- formation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis?

A

Maximize HCO3- retentions, excrete more H+ w diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you calculate total blood volume?

A

Wt (kg) x 70 cc/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do you treat hyperkalemia?

A
  1. Hyperventilate to increase acidosis
  2. NaHCO3 to induce metabolic alkalosis
  3. CaCl to antagonize high K+ on heart. Increase contractility
  4. Dialysis
  5. Insulin if Glucose is high
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you treat metabolic acidosis?

A
  1. increase CO

2. Increase tissue perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you treat respiratory alkalosis?

A

treat hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does facilitate diffusion work?

A

Carrier protein needed to help substance move through membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does kidney compensate for respiratory alkalosis?

A

decrease reabsorption of HCO3-, increase urine excretion of HCO3-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does simple diffusion work?

A

molecules move from high to low gradients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does the kidney compensate for metabolic acidosis?

A
  1. maximize HCO3- retention or give NaHCO3
  2. Increase HCO3 formation
  3. excreting H+ via diuretics, dialysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hypertonic solutions cause the cells to do what? Name one

A

Shrink, CPG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hypomagnesium causes what?

A

Muscle weakness, neuromascular irritability, development of tachyarrythmias (torsades)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hypotonic solutions cause the cells to do what? Name one

A

swell, H20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Intracellular fluid makes up what % of total body weight?

A

40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Isotonic solutions does what to cells and name one

A

no fluid shift to cells, prevents movement of H20 across membrane barriers, crystalloid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Plasma osmolality measures concentrations of what ions?

A

Na, K, Cl, Urea, flucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Primary active of Ca ions occurs where and how?

A

cell membrane pump Ca out of the cell into SR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Primary active transport of H+ occurs where and how?
In the gastric glands and release into stomach. Combines w/ chloride to make HCl. Excess H+ eliminated from blood into urine via renal tubules
26
Total blood volume is how much of body weight?
7-8%
27
What % of adult body weight does body fluid compose?
60%
28
What % of body water is intracellular fluid?
2/3 or 66%
29
WHat % of ECF does ICF make up?
3/4
30
What % of ECF is plasma and where is it located?
1/4, circulates as extracellular component of blood
31
What agent is capable of dissolving other substances?
Solvent
32
What are causes of metabolic acidosis?
1. Diabetes mellitus - keto-acidosis 2. Tissue ischemia- lactic acid 3. Heavy exercise- lactic acidosis 4. Renal failure 5. Impaired renal H+ secretion 6. GI loss of HCO3- diarrhea
33
What are causes of metabolic alkalosis?
1 .Hypokalemia 2. Increase renal H+ secretion bt excess aldosterone or diuretics 3. GI loss of HCl- vomiting, NG suction 4. Increased ECF
34
What are causes of respiratory alkalosis?
1. Hyperventilation-stress or pain | 2. Hypoxia- pneumonia, p emboli, p edema
35
What are causes of respiratory acidsois?
1. hypoventilation 2. airways obstruction 3. CHF 4. COPD, emphysema, ARDS 5. respiratory muscle paralysis 6. pulmonary fibrosis
36
What are normal total calcium and normal ionized calcium?
T Ca 8.5 - 10.5 mg/dl | iCa 1.13 - 1.32 mmol/L
37
What are some causes of hypercalcemia?
Thiazide diuretics malignancy, vitamin D excess hyperparathyroid
38
What are some causes of hypocalcemia?
Renal failure alkalosis hypomagnesium from decreased PTH secretions banked blood
39
What are the 3 subcompartments of extracellular fluid?
1. Interstitial fluids (ISF) 2. Plasma 3. Transcellular fluid
40
What are the causes of hyperkalemia?
``` Renal failure Hemolysis Excess potassium intake -cpg acidosis transfusion of old blood: 21 days old 23 mEq/L vd 1 dat 7mEq/L ```
41
What are the modes of passive transport?
Simple diffusion Facilitated diffusion Osmosis Filtration
42
What ion is mostly intracellular?
K organic ions Proteins
43
What is a molar volume concentration solution?
Soln w/ 1 mole of solute in 1 liter soln
44
What is a molarity volume concentration?
Mole of solute/ liters of soln
45
What is a normal volume solution?
Soln 1 gram-equivalent weight of solute in one liter soln
46
What is acidosis?
ph
47
What is active transport?
Chemical energy comes from cellular chemical reactions | Substances move via concentration gradients, uses ATP
48
What is alkalosis?
pH >7.45
49
What is body fluid?
Water solution of ions and other substances
50
What is Co Transport (symport)?
Movement of one solute from hgih to low concentration is used to move another molecule uphill from low concentration to high concentration against a gradient i.e. A glucose symporter co transport 1 glucose molecule into cell for every 2 Na ions it imports into the cell
51
What is counter transport? (Antiport)
When 2 ions are bound to the same transport portien 1. Na-Ca: Na moves to interior of cell as Ca moves out 2. Na-H Na moves from proximal lumen of renal tubules ot the interior of the tubular cell as H+ moves from tubular cells to the tubule lumen
52
What is filtration?
movement of solute and solvent through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure from an area of higher pressure to and area of lower pressure ie through capillary walls
53
What is major intracellular cation? Normal range?
K+, 3.5-5.0 mmol/L
54
What is molar weight concentration?
Soln that has 1 mole solute in 1000g of solvent
55
What is molarity weight concentration?
Moles of solute/kg solvent
56
What is mole fraction weight concentration?
Ratio of # moles of substance to the # of moles of all the substances in soln
57
What is normal arterial HCO3? Venous HCO3?
22-28, 22-28
58
What is normal arterial O2 sat? Venous O2 sat?
>95; 70-75
59
What is normal arterial pCO2? Venous pCO2?
33-45, 40-50
60
What is normal arterial pH? Venous pH?
7.35-7.45 ; 7.27-7.39
61
What is normal arterial pO2? Venous pO2?
8-100; 35-45
62
What is normal BE?
+/- 2
63
What is normal plasma osmolarity?
275-300 mOsm/kg
64
What is normal serum osmolarity?
270-320 mOsm/L
65
What is normality volume concentration?
gran-equivalents of solute/liters of soln
66
What is osmolar volume concentration?
cone of solute that is major conc x # of particles produced per molecule of soln
67
What is osmosis?
Movement of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower to higher concentration of solute i.e. water follows sodium
68
What is passive transport?
energy comes from normal kinetic energy matter
69
What is phosphorous used for?
assist w/ energy transfer carbohydrate, fat lipid metabolism promotes acid-base balance
70
What is EKG change seen with hyperkalemia?
elevated peaked T waves Flattened p wave prolonged PR interval Widened QRS
71
What is the EKG change seen with hypokalemia?
Flattened T wave | ST depression
72
What is the lipid biolayer made up of?
hydrophobic and hydrophillic phospholipid layers
73
What is the major ECF anion? Normal range?
Cl-, 100-110 mmol/L
74
What is the major ECF cation? Normal range?
Na++, 135-145 mmol/L
75
What is the primary intracellular anion? Normal range?
Phosphorus, 3.0-4.5mWq/L
76
What is the primary ion in extracellular fluid
Na
77
What is the role of extracellular sodium?
The sodium pump keeps Na++ out of the cells so potassium stays intracellular
78
What is the substance called that dissolved in fluid?
solute
79
What is the transcellular fluid and where is it located?
fluids outside of normal compartments, CSF, digestive juices, mucus, etc.
80
What is weight percent weight concentrations?
soln based on weight of solute compared to weight of solvent
81
What is weight-volume percent
soln that contains one g of solute/ 100ml soln
82
What size particles are colloids?
1-10nm
83
What size solute particles are cystalloids?
Less than 1nm (glucose, ions)
84
What will low phosphorous cause?
muscle weakness, seizures, coma, hemolytic abnemia, bleeding disorders
85
When is body fluid greatest?
at birth
86
Where is ISF located?
Surrounds cells but doesn't circulate

Boards Review (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions