Pharmacology and the dental patient Flashcards
What are non-opioid analgesics most commonly used for
Relief of toothache or pain from dental treatment
What can Ibuprofen cause
Xerostomia - increases oral plaque and caries
What are corticosteroids
Anti-inflammatory steroids - relieve discomfort and soreness of the mouth
What is Codine
A pro-drug used to treat mild to moderate pain - conversion occurs in the liver into its active form morphine by CCYP2D6
What is the reason for poor metabolisers
Minimal od codine to morphine conversion so there’s inadequate pain control
What is the issue with ultra metabolisers
They have multiple functional alleles of CYP2D6 therefore life-threatening intoxication can occur in a matter of days
What is the main use of Nitrous Oxide
- Used as a sedative and analgesic
- Helps with anxiety and patients
What are the 4 levels of sedation that can be experienced with NO
- Tingling sensation
- Warm sensation
- A feeling of well-being, euphoria and floating
- Sleepiness
What sedative is most favourable - why
Midazolam - has a fast onset and works by slowing down the heart rate and rate of breathing
Who is midazolam not recommended for
Pregnant/breastfeeding women
What is the role of benzodiazepines
Enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter GABA at the GABA receptor, resulting in sedative, hypnotic, anti-anxiety and muscle relaxant properties
Why does midazolam have 2 phases
What are the phases
- It has a rapid disappearance from the blood but the recovery takes longer so there’s 2 phases
- Recovery form sedation
- Recovery from psychomotor impairment
What are antibiotics
Antibacterials with bactericidal activity that inhibits various cell processes
Where does a considerable percentage of dental pain originate
In the pulp - requires operative intervention rather than antibiotics
What is the most common prescribed antibiotic
Penicillin
