Pharmacology and EKG

Question 1

The first line of treatment for HTN in usually a ________.

Answer 1

Diuretic

Question 2

What does a diuretic do?

Answer 2

reduces the blood volume through urinary excretion of water to treat HTN

Question 3

What is a common diuretic? (generic and trade)

Answer 3

Furosemide (Lasix)

Question 4

What is the enzyme that causes blood vessels to constrict and creates HTN?

Answer 4

Angiotensin

Question 5

What is the name for a drug that prevents Angiotensin activation? What is the result?

Answer 5

ACE inhibitor, dilated blood vessels and a lower BP

Question 6

What are some uses for ACE inhibitors?

Answer 6

HTN, Heart failure, prolonging survival of pt’s who have had a heart attack, Preserving kidney function in diabetics, leaking heart valves

Question 7

What are 2 brand names of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 7

Monopril, Vasotec

Question 8

What is a complication of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 8

can cause kidney function to worsen, increase potassium level (hyperkalemia)

Question 9

What do beta blockers do?

Answer 9

affect beta receptors that cause the heart to beat faster and harder and constrict blood vessels which causes HTN

Question 10

What are some uses for beat blockers?

Answer 10

HTN, angina, abnormal heart rhythms, heart attack pos, heart failure, migraines, stage fright

Question 11

What are some common beta blockers?

Answer 11

Atenolol, metoprolol (Lopressor), Propanolol

Question 12

What do Calcium channel blockers do?

Answer 12

slow rate of calcium passage into the heart and vessel walls; lowers BP

Question 13

What are some common Calcium channel blockers?

Answer 13

Verapamil, Diltiazem (Cardizem), Amlodipine (Norvasc)

Question 14

Name common DM drugs

Answer 14

Insulin, Glipizide (Glucatrol), Metformin (Glucophage)

Question 15

What do Antilipemics (Statins) do?

Answer 15

lower cholesterol

Question 16

Name common Statins

Answer 16

Simvastatin (Zocor), Atorvastatin (Lipitor), Lovastatin

Question 17

What is the most frequently used medications to treat CHF? What does it do?

Answer 17

Digitalis (digoxin or digitoxin), Strengthens ventricular contraction

Question 18

What is the most common anti-angina drug? What does it do?

Answer 18

Nitroglycerine (NTG), Vasodilator

Question 19

IV anticoagulant?

Answer 19

Heparin

Question 20

What is the antidote for Heparin?

Answer 20

Protamine

Question 21

Low molecular weight Heparin = ____________

Answer 21

Lovenox (Pradaxa, Eliquis, Xarelto)

Question 22

Oral coagulant?

Answer 22

Coumadin

Question 23

What is the antidote for Coumadin?

Answer 23

Vitamin K

Question 24

When can you NOT give Coumadin?

Answer 24

during pregnancy

Question 25

What does NOAC stand for in NOAC drugs?

Answer 25

Novel oral anticoagulant

Question 26

What do thrombolytics do?

Answer 26

dissolve clots

Question 27

What are 2 thrombolytics?

Answer 27

Urokinase, TPA

Question 28

What are common uses for Thrombolytics?

Answer 28

MI, PE, DVT, Stroke, Grafts

Question 29

What does an ECG do?

Answer 29

reports the electrical activity of the heart

Question 30

What is the result of depolarization of heart muscle?

Answer 30

contraction

Question 31

What are some common ECG dysrythmias?

Answer 31

Sinus Bradycardia, Sinus Tachycardia
Atrial Flutter, Atrial Fibrillation
Ventricular Fibrillation, Third-degree AV Block
Ventricular Asystole

Question 32

Define Sinus Bradycardia

Answer 32

Slow heart rate

Question 33

Define Sinus Tachycardia

Answer 33

Rapid heartbeat, may/may not be irregular

Question 34

Define Atrial flutter

Answer 34

Abnormal heart rhythm; regular but faster

Question 35

Define Atrial Fibrillation

Answer 35

Abnormal heart rhythm; irregular

Question 36

Define Ventricular Fibrillation

Answer 36

Rapid, inadequate heart beat

Question 37

Define Third-Degree Heart Block

Answer 37

Could be asymptomatic; impulse generated in SA node does not reach the ventricle