Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paramedic Drugs > Pharmacology and Actions > Flashcards

Pharmacology and Actions Flashcards

1
Q

activated charcoal

A

Absorbs ingested toxic substances from the GI tract, thereby preventing systemic absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

acetaminophen

A

May work peripherally to block pain impuse generation and inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS. Analgesic and antipyretic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

adenosine

A

Short-acting drug that slows conduction through the AV node. Restores sinus rhythm in SVT. Terminates regular tachycardias caused by reentrant AV nodal pathways.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

albuterol

A

Selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist that causes bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and inhibits mediator release from mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

amiodorone

A

Blocks sodium, potassium and calcium channels. Prolongs the
action potential’s duration. Delays repolarization. Decreases AV conduction and SA node
function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

aspirin

A

Prevents thromboxane A2 formation (thromboxane A2 causes platelets to aggregate and form plugs). Has antipyretic and analgesic properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

atropine sulfate

A

Inhibits acetylcholine at postganglionic parasympathetic
neuroeffector sites. Increases heart rate in cardiac origin symptomatic bradycardia. Reverses muscarinic effects of cholinergic poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

calcium chloride

A

Mineral component of bones and teeth. Cofactor in enzymatic
reactions. Essential for neurotransmission, blood clotting, and contraction of cardiac, smooth and
skeletal muscles. Affects secretory activity of endocrine and exocrine glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

calcium gluconate

A

Mineral component of bones and teeth. Cofactor in enzymatic
reactions. Essential for neurotransmission, blood clotting, and contraction of cardiac, smooth and skeletal muscles. Affects secretory activity of endocrine and exocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

dexamethasone

A

Suppresses acute and chronic inflammation and has immunosuppressive effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

dextrose

A

Rapidly increases serum glucose levels. Short-term osmotic diuresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

diazepam

A

Appears to act on part of the limbic system, as well on the thalamus and hypothalamus. Inhibits GABA receptors in the CNS, reducing neuron excitability and raises the seizure threshold. Induces amnesia and sedation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

diltiazem

A

Inhibits extracellular calcium ion influx across membranes of
myocardial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Inhibition of vascular and cardiac smooth
muscle contraction results in dilating the main coronary and systemic arteries. There is no effect on serum calcium concentrations. Substantial inhibitory effects on the cardiac conduction system.
Acts primarily on the AV node with some effects on the SA node.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

diphenhydramine hydrochloride

A

Blocks H1 receptors in the respiratory tract, blood vessels, and GI smooth muscle. Reverses extrapyramidal reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

dopamine hydrochloride

A

Immediate metabolic precursor to norepinephrine with mixed
alpha- and beta-adrenergic effects. Response is dose-dependent:
★ 1-2 mcg/kg/min stimulates dopamine receptors, causing vasodilation in the renal,
mesenteric, coronary and intracerebral vascular beds.
★ 2-10 mcg/kg/min stimulates beta-1 receptors, increasing myocardial contractility
and enhancing cardiac impulse conduction.
★ 10-20 mcg/kg/min stimulates alpha receptors, increasing systemic vascular
resistance.
★ >20mcg/kg/min alpha stimulation dominates, and may compromise peripheral
circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

epinephrine

A

Catecholamine with strong alpha-1 effects, strong beta-1 effects, and moderate beta-2 effects. Increases heart rate (chronotrope), myocardial contractility (inotrope), and electrical conduction speed (dromotrope). Secondary relaxation effect on the
smooth muscle of stomach, intestine, uterus and bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

etomidate

A

Ultra-short-acting hypnotic that produces rapid sedation with
minimal cardiovascular or respiratory depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

fentanyl citrate

A

Binds to opioid receptors, producing respiratory depression, analgesia, euphoria and sedation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

flumazenil

A

Antagonizes benzodiazepine receptors in the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

furosemide

A

Blocks the absorption of sodium and chloride at the distal and
proximal tubules, and the loop of Henle, causing increased urine output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

glucagon

A

Increases blood glucose level by stimulating the breakdown of
glycogen into glucose. Stabilizes cardiac rhythm in beta-blocker overdose. Minimal positive
inotropic and chronotropic responses. Decreases GI motility and secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

glucose, oral

A

Increases blood glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

haloperidol

A

Antagonizes dopamine-1 and dopamine-2 receptors in the brain.
Depresses the reticular activating system and inhibits release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal
hormones.

24
Q

hydromorphone

A

Opioid agonist. Inhibits ascending pain pathways. Increases the
pain threshold. Produces analgesic effects, respiratory depression and sedation

25
Q

hydroxycobalamin

A

A synthetic, injectable form of Vitamin B12 that binds with cyanide to form nontoxic cyanocobalamin. Preferred agent in cyanide poisoning

26
Q

ibuprofen

A

Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, thereby reducing fever, pain and swelling

27
Q

ipratropium bromide

A

Antagonizes the action of acetylcholine on bronchial smooth muscle. Bronchodilator.

28
Q

ketamine

A

Blocks pain receptors and minimizes spinal cord activity, affecting the brain’s association between the thalamus and the limbic system

29
Q

ketorolac tromethamine

A

Potent analgesic that inhibits prostaglandin synthesis. Does not have sedative or anxiolytic properties

30
Q

labetalol

A

Reduces peripheral vascular resistance without significant effect on cardiac output, thereby providing BP reduction without reflex tachycardia

31
Q

lidocaine hydrochloride

A

Alternative to amiodarone in cardiac arrest. Inhibits recovery after repolarization. Decreases myocardial excitability and conduction velocity. Local anesthetic. May decrease ICP response during laryngoscopy

32
Q

lorazepam

A

Inhibits GABA receptors in the CNS, thereby reducing neuron
excitability. Suppresses propagation of seizure activity produced by foci in the cortex, thalamus and limbic areas. Anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and sedative effects

33
Q

magnesium sulfate

A

Depresses the CNS, blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission, and produces anticonvulsant effects. Decreases the amount of acetylcholine released at the
endplate by motor nerve impulses. Slows the rate of SA node impulse formation in the
myocardium, and prolongs conduction time. Promotes calcium, potassium and sodium movement in and out of cells, and stabilizes excitable membranes. Induces uterine relaxation. Can cause bronchodilation after beta agonists and anticholinergics have been administered

34
Q

mannitol

A

Promotes the movement of fluids from intracellular to extracellular space. Decreases cerebral edema and ICP. Promote urinary excretion of toxins

35
Q

methylprednisolone sodium succinate

A

Highly potent synthetic glucocorticoid that suppresses
inflammation. Potentiates the action of beta-adrenergic agonists on vascular smooth muscle.

36
Q

midazolam hydrochloride

A

Inhibits GABA receptors in the CNS, thereby reducing neuron
excitability. Causes sedative, anxiolytic, amnesic and hypnotic effect.

37
Q

morphine sulfate

A

Alleviates pain through CNS action. Suppresses fear and anxiety centers in the brain. Depresses brainstem respiratory centers. Increases peripheral venous capacitance and decreases venous return. Decreases preload, afterload and myocardial oxygen demand

38
Q

naloxone hydrochloride

A

Competitive inhibition at opioid receptor sites. Reverses
opioid-induced respiratory depression and sedation

39
Q

nitroglycerin

A

Reduces peripheral vascular resistance, preload, afterload, cardiac workload and myocardial oxygen demand. Smooth muscle relaxant which acts on smooth muscle of uterus, intestine, bronchial tree and blood vessels. Dilates peripheral arterioles and veins

40
Q

norepinephrine bitartrate

A

Acts primarily on alpha-adrenergic receptors to produce
constriction of resistance and capacitance vessels, thereby increasing systemic BP and coronary blood flow. Also acts on beta-1 receptors. Lower doses see a predominately cardiac-stimulant effect. Larger doses see a predominately vasoconstrictive effect.

41
Q

ondansetron hydrochloride

A

Blocks the action of serotonin. Does not affect dopamine receptors therefore does not cause extrapyramidal symptoms

42
Q

oxygen

A

Reverses hypoxemia

43
Q

oxytocin

A

Binds to oxytocin receptor sites on the surface of uterine smooth
muscle, increasing the force and frequency of uterine contractions. Causes dilation of vascular smooth muscle, thereby increasing renal, coronary and cerebral blood flow.

44
Q

phenylephrine

A

Stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors in the arterioles of the nasal mucosa to produce vasoconstriction

45
Q

pralidoxime

A

Binds to organophosphates and breaks their alkyl phosphate-cholinesterase bonds. Restores activity of acetylcholinesterase

46
Q

procainamide hydrochloride

A

Inhibits recovery after repolarization, resulting in decreased conduction velocity and decreased myocardial excitability. Prolongs the refractory period, decreases automaticity, and reduces the repolarization abnormalities

47
Q

promethazine hydrochloride

A

H1 receptor antagonist. Blocks the action of histamine. Possesses sedative, antimotion, antiemetic, and anticholinergic activity. Potentiates the effects of opioids to induce analgesia

48
Q

rocuronium bromide

A

Antagonizes acetylcholine at the motor endplate, producing skeletal muscle paralysis

49
Q

sodium bicarbonate

A

Reacts with hydrogen ions to form water and carbon dioxide,
thereby correcting metabolic acidosis. Increases pH of blood and urine by releasing a bicarbonate ion, which in turn neutralizes hydrogen ion concentrations

50
Q

succinylcholine chloride

A

Ultra-short-acting depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant that mimics acetylcholine

51
Q

terbutaline sulfate

A

selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist

52
Q

thiamine hydrochloride

A

Combines with adenosine triphosphate to form thiamine
pyrophosphate, a coenzyme essential for carbohydrate metabolism. Prevents Wernicke’s
encephalopathy

53
Q

tranexamic acid

A

Inhibits the activation of plasminogen. Reduces conversion of
plasminogen to plasmin. (Plasmin breaks down fibrin, fibrinogen and plasma proteins)

54
Q

vecuronium bromide

A

Neuromuscular agent that competes with acetylcholine for
receptors at the motor endplate, resulting in neuromuscular blockade

55
Q

verapamil hydrochloride

A

Slows AV node conduction. Shortens the refractory period of
accessory pathways. Acts as a negative inotrope and vasodilator

Paramedic Drugs (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions