Pharmacology Adverse Effects Flashcards
ADRENALINE - Adverse effects
- Tachycardia
- Dysrhythmias, including ventricular fibrillation
- Hypertension
- Pupillary dilation
- Anxiety
- Nausea and vomiting
AMIODARONE – adverse effects
- Hypotension
- bradycardia
- dysrhythmias
ASPIRIN - Adverse Effects
- Allergic reactions, e.g. asthma, angioneurotic oedema, rhinitis, urticaria, laryngeal oedema and shock. Always check for history of previous reaction
- Aggravation of any bleeding tendency
- Gastric irritation (unlikely to be significant with one tablet)
- Bleeding may take longer to stop
ATROPINE - Adverse effects
- Dry mouth
- Blurred vision
- Tachycardia
- Nausea and vomiting
- Hyperthermia
- Dysrhythmias
- Agitation, delirium, hallucinations, seizure and coma may occur in high doses
- Urinary retention
CALCIUM GLUCONATE – adverse effects
- May increase myocardial and cerebral damage by increasing intracellular calcium levels
- Tissue necrosis if extra visitation from vain occurs
- Dysrhythmias
FENTANYL - Adverse Effects
- Respiratory depression
- Hypotension
- Nausea and vomiting
FEXOFENADINE - Adverse Effects
- Headache
- Drowsiness
- Nausea
- Dry mouth
FRUSEMIDE - Adverse Effects
- Excessive diuresis can lead to hypovolaemic shock
- Potassium loss can precipitate dysrhythmias
GLUCAGON - Adverse Effects
- Nausea and vomiting
- Allergic reactions rarely occur
GLUCOSE 10% - Adverse Effects
- Tissue necrosis if extravasation from vein occurs
- May aggravate brain damage in head injuries and strokes
- May precipitate Wernicke’s encephalopathy in alcoholics with thiamine deficiency
GLUCOSE GEL - Adverse Effects
May precipitate Wernicke’s encephalopathy in alcoholics with thiamine deficiency
GLYCERYLTRINITRATE - Adverse Effects
- Hypotension
- Flushing
- Headache
HARTMANN’S - Adverse Effects
- Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
- Coagulopathy, hypothermia and acidosis in the trauma patient
IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE - Adverse Effects
Mild anticholinergic effects, e.g. urine retention
Lignocaine – adverse effects
- Lignocaine may cause or exacerbate ventricular dysrhythmias
- In high doses, may cause:
1. Neurological side effects - (drowsiness, disorientation, agitation, muscle twitching, fits and coma)
2. Cardiac effects - (hypotension, bradycardia, heart block(s) and asystole)
METHOXYFLURANE - Adverse effects
- ↓LOC
- Renal damage in high doses
METOCLOPRAMIDE - Adverse Effects
- Restlessness, drowsiness and fatigue
- Extrapyramidal / acute dystonic reactions including spasm of the facial muscles, trismus, rhythmic protrusion of the tongue, abnormal speech, spasm of the extra ocular muscles and unnatural positioning
MIDAZOLAM - Adverse Effects
• ↓LOC resul
MORPHINE - Adverse Effects
- ↓LOC
- Respiratory depression
- Hypotension
- Nausea and vomiting
NALOXONE - Adverse Effects
- Opioid withdrawal (nausea, vomiting, sweating, tachycardia, hypertension, combative behaviour)
- Pulmonary oedema in patients with pre existing cardiac disease
- Dysrhythmias (VT, VF)
ONDANSETRON - Adverse Effects
- Headache and/or flushing
- Seizures and movement disorders
- Visual disturbance
- Hypersensitivity reactions (including anaphylaxis)
SALBUTAMOL - Adverse Effects
- Dysrhythmias in large doses
- Shakes and tremors
SODIUM BICARBONATE – adverse effects
- Metabolic alkalosis (may cause dysrhythmias)
- Hypokalaemia (may cause dysrhythmias)
- Heart failure
KETAMINE - Adverse Effects
- Distressing psychological reactions (e.g. agitation, hallucinations and/or dysphoria)
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Muscle effects including increased tone, random purposeless movements
