Pharmacology

Question 1

Pharmacology is

Answer 1

Pharmacology is the study of drugs, including origin, chemical structure, preparation, administration, action, metabolism, excretion

Question 2

Source of drugs 4 types

Answer 2

1 inorganic

2. animal
3. plant
4. Synthetically produced

Question 3

Drug forms 3 types

Answer 3

1. solids
2. liquids
3. Gases

Question 4

Potentiation

Answer 4

Is the enhancement of the effect of one drug by another

Question 5

Cumulative effect

Answer 5

Is an enhanced drug effect following several drug doses or an infusion

Question 6

Tolerance

Answer 6

from prolonged exposure to certain drugs that results in reduced sensitivity to that drug

Increased dosage may be required to reach a therapeutic effect

Question 7

Therapeutic effect

Answer 7

The desired effect of a drug or reason for which it was administered

Question 8

Depressant

Answer 8

A drug that reduces the function of an organ or system

Question 9

Generic name

Answer 9

Usually based on a description of the chemical structure of the drug

Question 10

Chemical name

Answer 10

Describes the exact molecular structure of the compound

Question 11

Brand or trade name

Answer 11

Name chosen by manufacturer to market the drug and may be based on its chemical structure, the condition for which it was prescribed or neither

Question 12

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 12

The study of how drugs act within the body to achieve their effect

Question 13

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 13

Is the study of the way in which the body handles drugs Eg. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion of drugs

Question 14

Bioavailability

Answer 14

The proportion of a drug that is still active after it reaches its target tissue

Question 15

Affinity

Answer 15

When a drug fits its receptor

Question 16

Agonist

Answer 16

A drug that enhances or stimulates a receptor

Question 17

Antagonist

Answer 17

Prevents an agonist from accessing the receptor, blocking the effect of the drug

Question 18

Therapeutic threshold

Answer 18

The minimum concentration of a drug necessary to cause a desired response

Question 19

Therapeutic index

Answer 19

The difference between the therapeutic threshold and the toxic concentration of a drug

Eg digoxin has narrow therapeutic range

Question 20

Maintenance dose

Answer 20

Drugs that require repeat doses to maintain therapeutic plasma levels

Question 21

Half life

Answer 21

The rate of decline of a drugs plasma level

Question 22

Alpha 1 receptor

Answer 22

Are found in smooth muscle of peripheral vessels and spincters of the GI and GU tracts

Agonist = adrenaline

Question 23

Alpha 2

Answer 23

Receptors are mainly presynaptic

Question 24

Beta 1

Answer 24

Receptors found in heart, intestinal smooth muscle and fatty tissue.

Stimulation results in increased HR (chronotropic)

Increased force of contraction (inotropic)

Agonist = isoprenaline

Question 25

Beta 2

Answer 25

Found in bronchial, vascular, skeletal and uterine smooth muscle.

Stimulation results in relaxation of smooth muscle around bronchioles resulting in bronchial dilation

Agonist = salbutamol

Question 26

Autonomic Nervous system

Answer 26

1. controls involuntary functions

2. Consista of sympathetic & parasympathetic

Question 27

Neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 27

1. Norepinephrine

2. Acetylcholine

Question 28

Sympathomimetic

Answer 28

Stimulate or mimic the action of the sympathetic nervous system

Eg: adrenaline & Noradrenaline

Question 29

Sympatholytic

Answer 29

Block the action of the sympathetic nervous system

Eg: Beta blockers

Question 30

Parasympathomimetic

Answer 30

Mimic or stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system

Question 31

Parasympatholytic

Answer 31

Block the action of the parasympathetic nervous system