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Endocrino > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Afected enzyme in MODY diabetes

A

Glucokinase

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2
Q

Mechanism of action of Tamoxifen

A

Selective estrogen receptor modulator.

Antagonist in breast, agonist in bone and partial agonist in uterus.

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3
Q

Role of NFkB (RANKL/RANK) in bone metabolism

A

Osteoclast differentiation, leading to ↑ bone resorption

Inhibited by Osteoprotegerin

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4
Q

Which substances affect levothyroxine absorption?

A

Soy products, iron, calcium, antiacids

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5
Q

Type of volume loss in Diabetes Insipidus

A

Hyperosmotic volume contraction

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6
Q

Type of volume loss in Adrenal Isufficieny

A

Hyposmotic volume contraction

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7
Q

Type of adrenergic receptor that diminishes insulin release

A

Alfa 2.

Beta 2 increases it.

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8
Q

Mechanism of action of Anastrazole

A

Aromatase inhibitor. Inhibits peripheral conversion of androgens to estrogen

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9
Q

Difference between Tamoxifen and Raloxifene

A

Tamoxifen ↑ risk of endometrial cancer, Raloxifene doesnt

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10
Q

Mechanism of action of Cholestyramine (bile acid resins)

A

Prevents intestinal reabsorption of bile acids. ↑ Triglycerides.

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11
Q

Mechanism of action of Evolocumab (PCSK9 inhibitors)

A

Inactivation of LDL-receptor degradation. ↑ removal of LDL from bloodstream

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12
Q

Mechanism of action of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

A

Inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate (cholesterol precursor)

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13
Q

Mechanism of action of Ezetimibe

A

Prevents cholesterol absorption in small intestine brush border

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14
Q

Mechanism of action of Fibrates

A

Upregulate lipoprotein lipase (LPL) → ↑ TG clearance

Activate PPAR-a to induce HDL synthesis

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15
Q

Mechanism of action of Niacin

A

Inhibits lipolysis (hormone sensitive lipase) in adipose tissue, ↓ hepatic VDLD synthesis

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16
Q

Mechanism of action of fish oil and omega-3 FA

A

↓ FFA delivery to liver and ↓ activity of TG-synthesizing enzymes

17
Q

Mechanism of action of Orlistat

A

Inhibits pancreatic lipase → ↓ triglyceride breakdown in intestine

18
Q

Enzyme deficiency seen in Alkaptonuria

A

Homogentisic Oxidase ( Tyrosine to Fumarate PAthway)

19
Q

Clinical findings of Alkaptonuria

A

Bluish-black connective tissue, ear cartilage and sclerae (ochronosis); urine turns black on prolongued exposure to air. Debilitating arthralgias.

Endocrino (3 decks)

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