Pharmacology Flashcards
What is an example of a ligand-gated ion channel?
Nicotinic ACh receptor - muscle relaxants
What is an example of drugs that work on intracellular receptors?
Steroid + thyroid hormones
What are examples of drugs that work at G-protein coupled receptors?
- Opioid receptors - morphine, fentanyl, diamorphine
- Adrenoceptors - adrenaline, noradrenaline, beta blockers, salbutamol
- Muscarinic ACh receptors - atropine
What drugs are activated by metabolism?
Active metabolites - morphine
Pro drugs - enalapril
What drugs affect enzyme induction in the liver?
(Increase metabolism of other drugs in body)
- Rifampicin
- Chronic alcohol abuse
- Anticonvulsants - phenytoin, carbamazepine
What drugs cause enzyme inhibition in the liver?
(Build-up of plasma levels of other drugs)
- Metranidazole
- Amiodarone
- Cimetidine
What are the idiosyncratic side effects of AEDs?
- Rash - lamotigine, carbamazepine, phenytoin
- Bone marrow suppression - felbamate, carbamazepine
- Hepatic toxicity - valproate, felbamate
What are the neurotoxic side effects of AEDs?
Dizziness, diplopia, ataxia, incoordination, drowsiness, cognitive slowing
What are the metabolic side effects of AEDs?
- Weight gain (valproate) or loss (topiramate)
- Bone density - enzyme-inducing AEDs e.g. phenytoin
What AEDs interact with the oral contraceptive pill?
Phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbitone and topiramate - sodium valproate does not.
What is the half life of carbamazepine?
35 hours (range 18-65hrs) - effective serum concentration will be achieved after 4 days.
