Pharmacology Flashcards
What is leuprolide?
A gnRH analog
What does Leuprolide do to LH/FSH when pulastile? Continuous?
Agonist when pulsatile
Antagonist when continuous
What is leuprolide used for clinically (pulsatile)?
Infertility
What is leuprolide used for clinically (continuous)? (3)
Prostate cancer
Uterine fibroids
Precocious puberty
What does testosterone do to lipoproteins?
Increases LDL, decreases HDL
What is finasteride?
A 5 alpha reductase inhibitor
What is finastride used to treat (2)?
BPH
Male pattern baldness
What is flutamide?
A competitive inhibitor of the testosterone receptor
What is flutamide used to treat?
Prostate carcinoma
What does ketoconazole do?
Inhibits steroid synthesis
What does spironolactone do steroid wise?
Inhibits steroid binding
What are ketoconazole and spironolactone used to treat?
PCOS
What are the side effects of ketoconazole and spironolactone? (2)
Gynecomastia
Amenorrhea
What do estrogens (ethinyl estradiol, DES, mestranol) increase the risk of?
Endometrial cancer
What does DES increase the risk of to females exposed in utero?
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
What class of drugs do comiphene, tamoxifen and raloxifene belong to?
Selective estrogen receptor modulators
What does Clomiphene do? (2)
Partial agonist at estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus
Results in increased release of LH and FSH from the pituitary
What is clomiphene used to treat? (2)
Infertility and PCOS
What does tamoxifen do?
ER antagonist on breast tissue
What is tamoxifen used to treat?
ER positive breast cancer
What does raloxifene do?
Agonist for ER on bone
Reduces bone resorption
What is raloxifene used to treat?
Osteoporosis
What are anastrozole/exemestane?
What are they used for?
Aromatase inhibitors
Post-menopausal women with breast cancer
What do progestins do?
Bind progestin receptors-reduce growth and increase vascularization of the endometrium
What is progestin used for? (3)
OCT
Treatment of endometrial cancer
Abnormal uterine bleeding
What is Mifepristone (RU 486)?
Competitive inhibitor of the progesterone receptor
What is mifepristone (RU 486) used for?
What is it administerd with? What class of drugs is this
Termination of pregnancy
Misoprostol (PGE1)
What is terbutaline?
What is it used for?
B2 agonist that relaxes the uterus
Used to reduce premature uterine contractions
What is Tamulosin?
Alpha 1 antagonist, inhibits SMC contraction in the prostate
What is tamulosin used to treat?
BPH
What is the risk for patients taking nitrates and viagra?
Life threatening hypotension
What is danazol?
A synthetic androgen that acts as a partial agonist at androgen receptors
What is danazol used to treat?
Endometriosis (endometrial cells proliferate outside of the uterus-usually in abdomen)
Hereditary angioedema
What is daclizumab?
Antibody against IL-2 receptor on activted T cells
What is daclizumab used for?
Prevent rejection in renal allograft recipients
What are the short acting Benzo’s?
Do they increase the risk of fall?
What is their side effect
Alprazolam
Trizolam
Oxazepam
Low fall risk
High risk of withdrawl
What are the medium acting benzos?
Estazolam
Lorazepam
Temazepam
What are the long acting benzos?
What is their major side effect?
Chlordiazepoxide
Clorazepate
Diazepam
Flurazepam
Increase fall risk
