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MB2:Dermatology > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

major routes of skin drug administration

A

topical
subcutaneous
transdermal

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2
Q

describe the bricks of the brick and mortar model

A

corneocytes containing keratin and filaggrin in protein cell envelope attached by dermasomes

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3
Q

describe the mortar of the brick and mortar model

A

lipid based with cholesterol

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4
Q

describe intercellular drug movement through the skin

A

moves around cells in the intercellular space

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5
Q

describe transcellular drug movement through the skin

A

moves through cells and through intercellular space

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6
Q

what is a vehicle

A

pharmalogically inactive substance varying in water content

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7
Q

what law does rate of absorption of drug in skin follow

A

ficks law

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8
Q

if vehicle is hydrophilic and drug is lipophilic what happens

A

partitions pretty easily into skin

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9
Q

if vehicle is hydrophilic and drug is hydrophilic what happens

A

drug stays in vehicle and doesnt get absorbed

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10
Q

if vehicle is lipophilic and drug is lipophilic what happens

A

partitions between both

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11
Q

if vehicle is lipophilic and drug is hydrophilic what happens

A

drug slowly partitions into skin but not very well

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12
Q

excess undissolved drug in a vehicle is bad as it doesnt facilitate good absorption. there is one exception, when

A

transdermal patches

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13
Q

what is an excipient

A

chemical added to topical treatments to facilitate better skin absorption

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14
Q

how can you increase partitioning into the skin physically and chemically for topical treatments

A

dress with cling film
use an excipient
use the right type of vehicle

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15
Q

true/fase - clobetasone is more potent than blobetasol

A

false

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16
Q

true/false - hydrocortisone butyrate has better absorption than hydrocortisone acetate

A

true

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17
Q

safety of steroid creams/ointments in low dose for short term

A

pretty safe

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18
Q

adverse effects of potent steroids for long term

A 
skin atrophy
telangiectasia 
striae atrophica 
steroid rebound 
steroid rosacea 
adrena suppression/cushings
purpura 
masked infection 
glaucoma and cataract
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19
Q

mechanism of action of steroids

A

nuclear receptors
bind to GREs in promoter region of specific genes to control protein expression by altering mRNA production hence protein synthesis

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20
Q

advantages of s/c delivery `

A

slow absorption
administration of oil or protein based drugs
can deposit drugs under skin

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21
Q

true/false - skin bypasses first pass metabolism

A

true

22
Q

what is TDD

A

transdermal drug delivery

patch applied to epidermis

23
Q

what drugs can be used for TDD

A

nicotine
scopolamine
fentanyl

24
Q

how may permeability of skin be enhanced for TDD

A

chemical enhancement

25
Q

describe the different bases/vehicles

A 
gels 
creams 
ointment
pastes
lotions 
foams
26
Q

components of ointments

A

grease/oil (soft paraffin)

27
Q

what may a lotion treat

A

scalp and hair bearing areas

28
Q

uses of emollients?

A

all dry/scaly conditions

29
Q

what is especially important in prescribing an emollient

A

cosmetically acceptable so the patient actually uses it

30
Q

direction of use of an emollient?

A

apply after bathing
apply in hair growth direction
makes skin slippy
use spatula to remove from tub

31
Q

true/false - you can smoke using an emollient

A

false - certainly not if it is paraffin based

32
Q

your patient comes to you using a moisturiser and they have contact dermatitis. is it okay for them to use it

A

yes, as long as it doesnt contain SLS

33
Q

uses of topical steroids

A

eczema
psoriasis
non-infectious inflammatory disorders like lichen planus
keloid scars

34
Q

how much steroid ointment is on a fingertip unit

A

1/2 gram

2 handspans

35
Q

how much ointment is required to coat entire body

A

20-30g

36
Q

when would you use potassium permanganate

A

acute exudative eczema

37
Q

when would you use antibiotics

A

acne/rosacea
impetigo
infected eczema

38
Q

what would you give for cold sore

A

topical antiviral

39
Q

what would you give for herpes zoster

A

oral antiviral

40
Q

what would you give for candida

A

clotrimazole, nystatin

41
Q

what would you give for dermatophytes

A

clotrimazole, terbinafine

42
Q

therapies for psoriasis?

A 
coal tar
viramin D analogue 
keratolytic
topical steroid 
dithranol
43
Q

what could you give for psoriasis of scalp

A

greasy ointment
tar shampoo
steroids in alcohol base lotion or shampoo
vitamin D analogues

44
Q

when are keratolytics used

A

viral warts

corns/calluses

45
Q

example of keratolytic

A

salicylic acid

46
Q

examples of antipruritics

A

menthol
capsaicin
camphor/phenol
crotamiton

47
Q

when may you use 5-flurouracil

A

superficial BCC or bowens

48
Q

where is a wet wrap used most

A

paediatrics for very dry skin

49
Q

what is a calicneurin inhibitor and name one and side effect

A

tacrolimus
alternative to topical steroid
suppresses lymphocyte action
burning on application, often on increased alcohol consumption

50
Q

tacrolimus can cause what

A

increased risk of skin cancer and cutaneous infection

MB2:Dermatology (11 decks)

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