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MB2:Dermatology > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

the dermis contains a matrix of collagen and elastic fibres. when is it lost

A

smoking
sun damage
age

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2
Q

what is acanthosis

A

increased epidermal thickness

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3
Q

what is parakeratosis

A

nuclei in keratin layer

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4
Q

what is hyperkeratosis

A

increased thickness of keratin layer

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5
Q

what is spongiosis

A

oedema between squamous cells causing increased prominence of intercellular prickles

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6
Q

what is the pathogenesis of psoriasis

A

unknown
may be hereditary
may be due to epidermal hyperplasia
may be complement mediated attack on keratin layer

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7
Q

what is a key diagnostic feature of psoriasis histologically

A

munro micro abscesses

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8
Q

describe the psoriasis rash

A

silvery scale with raised plaque
well defined
bilateral/symmetrical on extensor
may be on chest/abdo

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9
Q

true/false - psoriasis has nail changes

A

true - it can

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10
Q

describe histology of psoriasis

A

elongation of rete ridges, island sections of dermis behind
munro micro abscess
lymphocytes in dermis

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11
Q

describe the rash of lichen planus

A

itchy flat topped violaceous papules

might see striae in oral mucosa

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12
Q

describe histology of lichen planus

A

irregular sawtooth acanthosis
hypergranulosis and orthohyperkeratosis
upper dermal infiltrate of lymphocytes
basal damage

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13
Q

describe pathology of pemphigus vulgaris

A

IgG against desmoglien 3 which maintains esmosomes in prickle cell layer, immune complexes form causing acantholysis and weak blisters that rupture to form erosions

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14
Q

where would you see pemphigus vulgaris

A

oral mucosa and GI tract and respiratory

scalp, trunk, face, axillae groin

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15
Q

what would you see histologically in pemphigus vulgaris

A

blister epidermally due to prickle cell separation

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16
Q

describe formation of bullous pemphigoid

A

Auto-IgG against hemidesmosomes binding basal cell layer to BM, so whole epidermis blisters

17
Q

what test may be useful in pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid

A

immunofluorescence

18
Q

describe where you might see acne

A

head, face, neck, shoulders, back and chest

19
Q

describe the pathology of acne vulgaris

A

increased androgens at puberty and increased sensitivity to sebaceous glands
keratin plugs pilosebaceous unit abd infection with corynebacterium acnes, produces comodome
if ruptures then scars

20
Q

what is rosaecea and who is it more common in

A

females

recurrent facial flushing, pustules, visible blood vessels, rhinophyma

21
Q

causes of rosaecea

A

sunlight
alcohol
spicy foods
stress

22
Q

describe pathology of rosacea

A 
vascular ectasia 
patchy inflammation with plasma cells 
pustules 
perifollicular granulomas
follicular demodex mites
23
Q

how would seborroheic keratosis appear on histology

A

epidermal acanthosis
hyperkeratosis
horn cysts

24
Q

what is the leser-trelat sign

A

eruptive seborrhoeic keratosis signifying internal malignancy

25
Q

what is bowens disease

A

squamous cell carcinoma in situ

scaly plaque, irregular border

26
Q

what is actinic keratosis

A

precursor of invasive SCC

27
Q

where are viral lesions and what type of virus causes and consequences

A

anogenital skin, HPV type 16

very dysplastic and often found in penile cancer

28
Q

3 types of BCC

A

nodular
superficial
infiltrative

29
Q

how does BCC appear histologically

A

epidermis originating and invasive into dermis

peripheral palisading

30
Q

does BCC metastasise

A

rarely

31
Q

sites of SCC?

A

sun damaged skin, elderly
leg ulcer
burns sites
xeroderma pigmentosum

32
Q

adverse prognostic features of SSC

A

> 4mm thick
lymphatic/vascular invasion
perineural spread
scalp, ear, nose involvement

MB2:Dermatology (11 decks)

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