Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Royal College Study > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

Side Effects of Stimulant medications

A 
Transient:
Headaches
Abdominal discomfort
Mild-to-moderate appetite suppression
Irritability
"daze-effect," insomnia
Tachycardia
Mild hypertension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Side Effects of Overdosing stimulant medication

A 
insomnia
jitteriness
irritability
headache (especially as a dose wears off)
mild hand tremor
palpitations. 
Unmask a tic disorder
Very rare: scan precipitate a psychosis.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Components of cryoprecipitate

A
  • plasma that’s been spun. Contains Fibrinogen, Factors V, VIII, XIII and VWF

Indications:
o severe hypo fibrionginemia
o VIII (and VWF and XIII) – for DIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Components of plasma (FFP)

A

FFP (plasma)
- Replaces all factors

Indications:
o give to someone who is vit K deficient until factors kick in
o DIC
o Fulminant liver failure
o Protein C deficiency (severe neonatal purpura fulminans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who gets irradiated blood?

A

Occurs :
o Immunocompromised pts
o When recipient is heterozygous for a HLA haplotype for which the donor is homozygous

Graft Vs Host Dz

  • Rare
  • 80-90% mortality
  • Viable donor lymphocytes attack recipient lymphoid tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who needs CMV -ve blood

A

High risk pts:
o LBW neonates born to sero-negative mothers
o Immunocompromised oncology pts
o Pts undergoing hematopoietic or solid organ transplantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Substances contraindicated in breastfeeding mothers

A
  • amphetamine
  • bromocriptine (decreases milk production)
  • cocaine
  • cyclophosphamide
  • cyclosporine
  • doxorubicin
  • ergotamine
  • heroin
  • lithium
  • marijuana
  • methotrexate
  • nicotine
  • phencyclidine (PCP)
  • phenindione
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Contraindicated medications in breastfeeding

A

anti-neoplastic : MTX, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin

street drugs (cocaine, heroin, LSD, marijuana, PCP, amphetamines)

Lithium

Metronidazole

Chloramphenicol

Gold salts

Amiodarone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Antimicrobials in breastfeeding: which ones to be aware of

A

o If the drug is not orally bioavailable to Mom, it won’t be absorbed from breast milk
o Chloramphenicol: possible idiosyncratic bone marrow suppression
o Metronidazole – in vitro mutagen – d/c breastfeeding x12-24 hours to allow excretion if a single dose is used
o Fluroquinolones: No concern for cipro or ofloxacin, no data for others
o Isoniazid: possible hepatotoxicity but considered compatible w breastfeeding – (some would give baby pyridoxine)
o If baby has G6PD deficiency (or is at high risk for it and has not yet been tested) – don’t use nitrofurantoin, or sulfonamides
o Sulfonamides – to be avoided in ill, jaundiced or premature infants
o Tetracyclines- likely safe but some would avoid due to possible tooth staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Renal transplant girl on cyclosporine. Started on biaxin for infection. Cyclosporine level increased from 100 to 300. Why?

A

Biaxin decreases metabolism of cyclo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lasix Side effects

A

Hearing loss

  • Nephrocalcinosis/nephrolithiasis
  • Hyponatremia
  • Hypokalemia
  • Ischemic hepatitis
  • hypercalciuria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Meds known to causes Steven Johnsons Syndrome

A

Anticonvulsants: Phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine

Antibiotics: co-trimoxazole, sulfonamides, dapsone

Others: acebutolol, allopurinol, phenylbutazone, procainamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nephrotoxic Drugs

A 
	Acyclovir
	Aminoglycosides
	Amphotericin B
	Cisplatin
	Cyclophosphamide
	Ifosfamide
	Lithium
	NSAIDs
	Radiocontrast dyes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cardiotoxic drugs

A 
Cardiomyopathy:
	Daunorubicin
	Doxorubicin
	Idamycin
	Interferon alpha
	Ipecac

Arrhythmias:
 Antiarrhythmics, digoxin
 Psychotropic agents (eg. tricyclic antidepressants, tetracyclic antidepressants)
 Antibiotics such as eryhtromycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
 Antihistamines such as terfenadine, astemizole
 Cisapride
 Phenytoin
 Some herbal preparations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hepatotoxic drugs

A 
Generalized hepatotoxicity:
	Acetaminophen
	Amiodarone
	Cocaine
	High-dose ASA
	Isoniazid
	Ketoconazole
	Methotrexate
	Methyldopa
	Pemoline
	Phenytoin
	Valproic acid
Cholestasis:
	Azathioprine
	Benoxiprofen
	Chlorpromazine
	Erythromycin
	Nitrofurantoin
	Oral contraceptives/ Sex hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Drugs bad for eyes

A 
Eye:
Toxic retinopathy:
	High-dose choloroquine in long term use
	High-dose thioridazine
Optic neuritis:
	Ethambutol
	Chloramphenicol
17
Q

Drugs with ototoxicity

A 
Ototoxicity:
	ASA in high doses
	Aminoglycosides
	Cisplatin
	Loop diuretics
	Neomycin
	Polymyxin B
18
Q

Maxeran side effects

A

dystonic reactions with IV administration; also can see incr prolactin, depression and gynecomastia and NMS; prokinetic due to muscarinic properties, but is also a dopamine antagonist

19
Q

Methadone withdrawal

A

NAS usually develops by 5 days after birth if its going to develop

20
Q

Prozac is known to interact with what medication?

A

Interferes with risperidal (increases its effects)

21
Q

Warfarin interacts with what medications?

A

is affected by:

  • enhanced by antibiotics, salicylates, anabolic steroids, chloral hydrate, laxatives, allopurinol, vitamin E, and methylphenidate hydrochloride
  • diminished by barbiturates, vitamin K, oral contraceptives, phenytoin, and other agents
22
Q

Warfarin and heparin are contraindicated in what situations?

A

Contraindications to heparin and coumadin:

  • Pregnancy (esp 1st trimester)
  • Recent CNS hemorrhage
  • bleeding from inaccessible sites
  • malignant hypertension
  • bacterial endocarditis
  • recent surgery of the eye, brain, or spinal cord
  • current administration of regional or lumbar block anesthesia.

A pre-existing coagulation defect or bleeding abnormality is a relative contraindication.

Despite these precautions, the frequency of bleeding in patients given heparin anticoagulation is 0.2–1.0%

23
Q

Which meds can decrease folate?

A
  • Anticonvulsant drugs (e.g., phenytoin, primidone, phenobarbital) can impair absorption of folic acid.
    o Frank megaloblastic anemia is rare, however, and responds to folic acid therapy even when administration of the offending drug is continued
  • Methotrexate, pyrimethamine (for toxoplasmosis), trimethoprim
24
Q

Growth Hormone is indicated for what scenarios?

A

GH currently is approved by FDA for:

  • GH-deficient children and adults
  • Turner syndrome
  • Renal insufficiency
  • Adults who have AIDS wasting
  • Prader-Willi syndrome
  • children born SGA who have not reached the 5th 5by age 2 years
  • Idiopathic short stature and are not expected to reach an adult height in the normal adult range.
25
Q

Side Effects of Carbamazepine

A

leukopenia, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatic dysfunction and rashes
Of note, clarithromycin and erythromycin  carbamezapine

26
Q

Side Effects of Ethosuximide

A

Ethosuximide
– normalizes EEG in pts with absence szs
– Well tolerated (doesn’t require monitoring of CBC/LFTs)
– Long half life – can have once/BID dosing
– Rare cases of bone marrow suppression (leukopenia, pancytopenia) and rashes.
– Does not cause liver toxicity.

27
Q

Side Effects of Phenytoin

A
  • Side effects: hepatic dysfunction, lymphadenopathy, movement disorders, SJS and fulminant liver failure
28
Q

Side Effects of Valproic Acid

A
  • pancreatitis, hepatitis and thrombocytopenia

- fulminant liver failure, hyperammonemia, rash, and stupor

29
Q

Drugs Associated with Gynecomastia

A
  • Ketoconazole can inhibit testosterone synthesis along with spironolactone, methyldopa, phenothiazines, antidepressants, warfarin, digitalis and heroin (Nelson’s)
  • cimetidine, spironolactone, digitalis, phenothiazines, and GH therapy, as well as in the use of marijuana (Endo textbook)
  • maxeran

Royal College Study (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions